Developing A Health Care System - 797 Words

Despite the nation s significant investment in health care, the US ranks last overall in health care to other industrialized nations. To help better health in the US, the Triple Aim was launched in October 2007 and was designed to help health care organizations improve the health of populations and the care they receive by focusing attention on three different aims that were developed to improve the experience of care, health of populations, and to reduce per capita costs of healthcare (Berwick, Nolan, Whittington, 2008). In order to have better health in the US, all three of these components must be addressed and balanced in order to reach the goal of Triple Aim in optimizing our health care system. The US has developed a health care system that is built around the concept of better care focusing on events and illness that are already present or have happened, such as heart attacks or diabetes. What the Triple Aim has brought to health care is the vision of better health that t ries to capture the social need of health care by focusing primarily on not only the idea of better care, but also on better health, and lower costs (Oregon Primary Care Assc., 2012). Triple Aim has brought the realization that better care is needed. If you get sick, it is important that all the dimensions to improve care are brought as close to perfection as possible; therefore, addressing safety needs, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, patient-centeredness, and equity within theShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care System Of A Developed Country Versus A Developing Country Essay937 Words   |  4 Pages A well-functioning health system is made up of various components, but there are certain ones that are key, such as; improving the health status of the population and ensuring that there is equal access to the population. Also important is protecting the residents against the financial consequences of ill-health (The WHO). The health care system of a nation is not an independent entity. It relies on various constructs such as the political climate, technology and the nation’s economy. It is alsoRead MoreDeveloping Countries Facing Wide Range Of Low Health Care1565 Words   |  7 Pagesyet to change is developing countries facing wide range of low health care. According to the studies, during the past 10 years healthcare has made a drastic change in developing countries. The concept of health has been described as injustice, unfair, and unavoidable. In the research, the inequalities in health of the developing status show to be related to income and other socio-economic facto rs. In the articles presented in this essay mentions the lack of attention health care that is providedRead MoreMental Health : Becoming A Public Health Crisis873 Words   |  4 Pagesillness is becoming a public health crisis through-out the world. Within developing and developed countries there are many different reasons that mental health has caused issues in the countries being examined. Mental health is an issue that can affect anyone at any time in their life. Ones mental health can be affected by many things around a person or just through their own genetics. All people are born into their family situations which can be in a developed or developing country. People who haveRead MoreHealth Care Models Across the Globe Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages Stoskopf, C. (2008). Comparative health systems: Global perspectives for the 21st century. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Johnson and Stoskopf discuss in detail the complexities involved in creating health policies in developed and undeveloped countries. The authors explain that because of imperfect market conditions, or political priorities, governments, and other social organizations, have found it necessary to intervene in the provision of health care to its people. The authors also believeRead MoreTwo possible solutions for low life expectancy in developing countries1453 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Plan Introduction Definition of low life expectancy Explain what causes people die at young age such as malnutrition, lack of education and poor health care system. Increasing number of low life expectancy in developing countries Main problems and consequences in third world Possible solutions: Educate people from developing countries, improve health services and provide nutritional food. Main body Factor 1= malnutrition Shortage of food as population is bigger and bigger these days which unbalanceRead MoreRisks Of The Health Care1321 Words   |  6 Pagesof the risks of the health care globalization is that the health care providers’ standards differ from country to country. Although, the international standards are the same for all countries around the globe, it is important to understand to what extent these standards fit the cultural, social, and economic contexts of those countries. In other words, simply demonstrating compliance with common quality standards, leads to different results depending on the country or health professionals involvedRead MoreA Brief Note On Healthcare And Developing Countries Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages Floyd Hopsin Healthcare in Developing Countries September 5, 2015 There are over 200 million children throughout the world that are under the age of five years old who doesn’t even have regular basic healthcare. Because of such extensive situation. This situation is the result of having nearly ten million deaths annually from scenarios that are untreatable alignments like diarrhea and pneumonia. Mostly all the deaths have been occurring in the developing world. All of the deaths haveRead MoreIncreasing Speed Movement Towards The Electronic Health Records795 Words   |  4 PagesIncreasing speed movement towards the electronic health records has additional complexity of the preference from among choices process, in that the number of systems on the market has raised. However, appointing a system does not have to be a frighten task. The first and most understandable questions that needs to be acknowledge is placed. Where do we start? Well you do not start with the merchant. To obtain any major systems investments must being with a process. Why will you need to set up a methodRead MoreHealth Care Information System ( Hcis )1539 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care information system (HCIS) is an arrangement of information (data), processes, people, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support the health care organization (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013, p. 105). Having a ready access to accurate and relevant information is essential to health care organizations, providers, and patients (Wager, Lee, Glaser, 2013). The growing development of health care technology has theRead MoreHealth Information System In Ghana805 Words   |  4 PagesDialogue surrounding electronic health records in developed countries have been increasing despite the diminutive attention towards its adoption in developing countries. The recognition towards health information technology mainly concentrated on privacy and security concerns and financing (Were Meslin, 2011). As developing countries have similar distresses, their concerns fluctuate because of cultural distinctions such as the relationship between patient and provider and their lack of interest

Women s Roles During The Elizabethan Era - 1265 Words

What were the Women’s Roles in the Elizabethan Era? Women’s roles in the Elizabethan Era times were hard and brutal as they serve men all their lives. The etiquette of women was as a proper lady should be. This quote states, â€Å" nature hath made to keep home†¦ and not to meddle with matters abroad, nor to bear office in a city or commonwealth no more than children or infants.† (The Life in Elizabethan London.) The roles of women are deeply outlined in everything. They were always viewed as the weaker sex. Women could not work in any politics, medical, and/or laws. Some single women were accused as witches. Men always holding the upper hand may chastise their wives, if needed. However; the men may not inflict bodily harm or cruelty. As a young child, a girl starts to work around the age of six. She starts with mining younger siblings, cooking, cleaning, mending, and sewing. While she grows, she begins to start having an appropriate manners with etiquette. Such as; to curtsey in front of adults, to use pr oper grammar, to speak with madam, sir, master, and mistress, and to receive blessings from their parents and Godparents. Once she becomes married, her occupation shifts to caring for livestock, collecting eggs, making butter and cheese, cook, and to give birth. Also, she learns how to harvest the grain once it’s picked. Young girls goes to school with the boys until about seven. This school is called â€Å"Petty School.† They may continue until the ageShow MoreRelatedWomen s Role During The Elizabethan Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s role during the Elizabethan era has been viewed in different ways. â€Å" Hamlet† by shakespeare gives us a look at the role women played. Throughout the play Ophelia and Gertrude gave us a look at how women were during the Elizabethan era but to give you more of an insight as to what a Elizabethan I ll give you a overall look at what it s like to be an Elizabethan women, how it s like and what is an Elizabethan women. Also how Ophelia and Gertrude may relate the Elizabethan women. A womanRead MoreGender Expectations and Women ´s Role During the Elizabethan Era953 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Gender expectations limited personal choice to a great extent during the Elizabethan Era. The Elizabethan Era was the period in which Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558-1603. There was a strong view on women should be the property of men and must obey them. William Shakespeare influenced this time period massively and incorporated the different gender roles and expectations into his plays. Personal is defined as something concerning ones private life, relationships, and emotions ratherRead MoreElizabethan Era of Music Culture Essay789 Words   |  4 Pages1600’s were able to make any type of music; the amazing part was no matter how many instruments you used it would always sound pure and the same. Another unique thing about the music and culture in the 1600’s is that it was also healthy for the body. During the Elizabethan Era the people would gather together to dance and dance for hours, their stamina must have been incredible. Music was use to entertain most people . Before the music became a big part in people life during the Elizabethan Era theatreRead MoreGender Roles Of Female Characters1479 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the eras, literature has mirrored the social changes taking place in English society specifically in regards to gender roles of female characters. The Elizabethan era, which lasted from 1558 to 1603, is often referred to as the golden age by historians where many transitions in English society regarding marriage and gender took place (Ivic 110). It was a time in which wives were viewed as the property of their husbands (Ivic 110). However, every woman was expected to marry and be dependentRead MoreShakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream is An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist712 Words   |  3 Pages An Elizabethan Era Play with a Greek Twist William Shakespeare wrote the play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, sometime in the 1590s. The play, a romantic comedy, portrays the adventures of four young lovers, an amateur actors group, their interactions with a Duke and Duchess, and with fairies in a moonlit forest. Although Shakespeare used certain themes in this play to portray Greek aspects, the reflection of Elizabethan England is dominant in several different ways. ShakespearesRead MorePortrayal Of Women During The Elizabethan Period1656 Words   |  7 Pages Women were thought as second-class citizens and were not given a large role in society. Throughout history, women have a limited amount of work they are permitted to do, and are confined to doing housework. The role women had was teaching and taking care of the children at home, cleaning the house, and cooking and having food ready for the husbands when they come home after work. As evidence of characterization of female characters in Macbeth by William Shakespe are, the Elizabethan period hadRead MoreAudience Response to Macbeth1203 Words   |  5 Pagesexplored throughout time and its study has primarily allowed us to learn from our past and develop as people. The Elizabethan era is very different from the world today as our values and beliefs have changed to suit our level of knowledge and intelligence. These differences become clear when exploring an audience s response to William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, from the Elizabethan era and today. The text was written in 1606 and was set in Scotland. The tragedy construes what egotistical ambition canRead MoreCustoms Of The Elizabethan Wedding Customs1341 Words   |  6 Pagesnow (Elizabethan Wedding Customs 1). The main difference between marriages now and in the past is that in this case, the marriages were arranged, and there was no choice in who you married (Elizabethan Wedding Customs 1). Marriages were organized in a way in which both families would benefit from the marriage (Elizabethan Wedding Customs 1). Couples met for the first time on their wedding day (Elizabethan Wedding Customs 1). Some customs vary between the rich and the poor (Elizabethan WeddingRead MoreTwelfth Night By William Shakespeare784 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Shakespeare s Twelfth Night, there are various depictions of gender identity, which causes different relations among the characters. Many of the characters fall between traditional and non-traditional in terms of their courtship rituals; this eventually leads to gender confusion. In addition, the appealing language influences the characters and their decisions. In examining each character, we will see the various gender identities in which Shakespeare depicted in Twelfth Night. BeginningRead MoreThe Elizabethan Era 1663 Words   |  7 Pagesparts of entertainment during the Elizabethan era. Musicians composed new types of music, poets expressed their feeling through poetry, and playwrights wrote plays of different types of genres. Social classes and gender roles also contributed to the entertainment culture. During the Elizabethan era, people were entertained by sources of entertainment, such as plays, music, and poetry. Music was one of the many sources of entertainment during the Elizabethan Era. Elizabethan music was more refined

The Tao Of The Joy Luck Club Essay Example For Students

The Tao Of The Joy Luck Club Essay Taoism has been a major influence in China throughout much of its history and The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, reflects this influence through its infusion of Taoist principals. One of the fundamental concepts within Taoism is that of Wu-hsing. Wu-hsing is a way of understanding a matter by dividing it into five and is often represented by five phases, elements of directions. This is an unfamiliar concept to a western perspective, which tends to divide things into four. Understanding this fifth additional element, however, is essential to understanding The Joy Luck Club. This fifth component is most clearly represented in The Joy Luck Club through the directional aspect, which is clearly represented at the Mah Jong table, which the women gather around at the Joy Luck Club meetings. Each of the women represent the direction which they sir at on the table and the center of the Mah Jong table represents the fifth direction. In Taoism this fifth direction is the harmonious center where the traditional four directions meet and from which they originate, it is their beginning and their end. In the book the Joy Luck Club meetings serve as this fifth dimension. It is in this fifth direction, the center of the women and the Mah Jong table where the game and story of the Hoy Luck Club is played out. As the game begins the women first wash the tiles in a chaotic mixing motion and then work together to structure these game tiles into an orderly creation in the center of the board (Tan 22). This is the effect of the fifth direction in the womens lives as well. As the members of the Joy Luck Club bring the chaos of their lives and find peace through the combined effect of their relationships with each other. This process of bringing peace from the midst of chaos is first seen when the first Joy Luck Club is created in Kweilin. In Kweilin Suyun finds herself in an extremely chaotic and violent environment, which is the result of the refugee-camp-like city, and the frequent bomb ings, which it comes under. Suyun creates the club here as a source of peace in the midst of their troubles. The meetings become a place where the women do not discuss the eminent danger that surrounds them or their relatives and lives, which they have lost. Instead they focus on food and happy stories. The club provides a source of joy and hope for the women. The dashed hopes which Suyuan had for Kweilin being a place where, If you slipped, you would only fall into a bed of soft moss and laugh, are replaced by the hope that she will be lucky in the Mah Jong games (Tan 7), This hope and joy serves as a center and balancing point for the women who would gave otherwise been completely surrounded in chaos. It is helpful when trying to understand this fifth direction to think of the four women, each holding the end of a rope. All of these four ropes are bound together at a central point. When the women pull away from each other in their opposing directions the bond of this central point has no directional movement and holds them peacefully in place. Imagine that this bond were to break, the women would be launched into their respective directions flying away of falling to the ground. They would be thrown drastically out of balance. It is in this way that the five directions are all interdependent upon each other. An additional element of the five directions, which is important to consider within relation to The Joy Luck Club, is the effect of one of the directions being out of balance. TO continue on with the analogy, if one of the four women began pulling with an uneven force or in an inconsistent direction, the fifth directing of the dynamic center would be thrown out of its previous harmonious state. In this case the center still serves to hold its directions together but they would flail about unbalanced. Within the book we see such an imbalance created when Jing-mei sits in the Easterly direction of the Mah Jobg table to take up her Mothers position. This imb alance is created both by Jing-meis feelings of inadequacy to replace her mother and by the imbalance of her two lost sisters which has cast a shadow into the Woo family so severe that Mister Woo feels it was the cause of Suyuans death (Tan 7). Jing-mei expresses her feelings of inadequacy when she remembers her mother saying, You dont even know little percent of me! How can you be me? (Tan 15). Reflecting on this Jing-Mei feels that her mother was right and asks herself, How can I be my Mother at Joy Luck? (Tan 15). .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .postImageUrl , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:hover , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:visited , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:active { border:0!important; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:active , .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0553c293a79a9e510bd1a5a30e0329a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On Carloss Birth Essay As is the proper role of the other three directions the other women at the table, An-mei, Lindo and Ying-ying take action to pull this Eastern direction into alignment and restore the balance of the central direction. This in emphasized by the variation of the order in which the four families stories are presented in each chapter, emphasizing the movement which all of their directions make in attempt to maintain a balanced center. They accomplish this task by facilitating Jing-meis reunification with her two half-sisters. We see the progress of this balancing effect through the last story of the book where Jing-Mei travels to China. As Jing-mei spends time in China, traveling towards where she will meet her sisters she begins to feel that she is becoming Chinese (Tan 306). She recalls her Mother saying, someday you will see, (Tan 306). And realizes that as she begins to recognize the Chinese spirit in herself she is finally able to see what her mother always meant. She is able to emb race its spirit in her trip to China because she is able to see that she is Chinese not in the garishly awkward ways that she saw in her mother and found embarrassing, such as haggling with store owners, pecking her mouth with a toothpick in public, or wearing colors that didnt match, but in a deeper and more spiritual way. Jing-meis ability to finally accept her own Chineseness allows her to see her mother in a way she could not have before and appreciate her mothers spirit and strength instead of being blocked by the misunderstandings of her mothers ethnicity. This is why, when in the hotel, with her Father, she listens intently to the story of her mothers flight from Chilean and of the sacrifices, which her mother had made. She has heard this story before but never was able to fully appreciate it. As she hears the familiar story now she sees that there was no shame in what her mother did and that she had acted correctly in the situation. We see the full effect of this struggles resolution at the same time we see the imbalance of the lost sisters resolved. When Jing-mei gets of the plane and meets her two sisters resolved. When Jing-mei gets off the plane and meets here two sisters, the three embrace and embody their Mothers spirit calling, Mama, Mama, as they feel that their mothers spirit is there in their midsts as her life time dream is realized (Tan 331). At this moment both the internal imbalance of Jing-meis difficulty in understanding her mother and the multigenerational imbalance of the lost sisters are resolved. This resolution develops in the form of a Polaroid picture. As the three watches their picture develops Jing-mei is able to see that her mother really is inside of her, as she is in her sisters and all is balanced at last.

Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership. Answer: Introduction: The relationship between Personality and Job performance is an important part of a successful company, industry or any type of organization. The relation between personality and job performance is an important subject or we can say a topic which is taken into consideration very seriously in various successful companies for a long time. The meaning of job performance is clear to us from its name, i.e. the performance of an employee of the company regarding its work or job. Actually the job performance depends upon various types of factors for its complete construction (Halim Zainal, 2015). Job performance tells us about the performance an employee of a company against a particular job or task given to it by the company. How well an employee performs that task can also be viewed by this process. Job performance also tells us about the initiatives taken by the employees of the company for doing any type of task. Further, this study also describes about the maximum extent up to which th e employees of an organization completes that task. This study helps an organization or the company in judging the utilization of various resources given to them by the company for performing different different tasks. This study indicates about the methods being used by the employees of the company for completion of a task given to them. It also indicates about time and the energy spent by the employees in fulfilling their task (Thisera, 2013). The personality of an employee also plays an important part in performing his or her job. Personality indicates various things about a person. It helps an organization or a company in indicating the general tendency to experience various factors such as feeling of fear, feeling of embarrassment, anger, sadness, guilt, etc. in any person or an employee of the company. Personality also indicates about extraversion of a person which includes various factors like sociability and talkativeness etc. it also tells about the intellectual curiosity of an employee to experience new thing from time to time in performing various tasks successfully for the sake of the company (Rothmann Coetzer, 2003). The personality of a person also describes about the will strength of that particular person for a task assigned to it by its organization. The way of talking, the way of thinking and the way, according to which one behaves with the other, is represented from this study. How an employee of a company behaves and communicates with others shows its personality. Personality and the job performance of an employee are related to each other. Nowadays, most of the companies, industries or any other organization either on a large scale or small one, each of them wants an employee who is well personalized as well as has good performance (Barrick Mount, 1991). Personality and performance plays an important role in a person or an employees life because these two qualities affect a lot to the company, industry or an organization to which they are related or we can say for which they are working. A person with good personality and work performance can completely change the work environment surrounding it. Therefore, it can be judged that the environment is completely influenced by the performance and the personality of an employee of a company. The personality of a person shows its attitude with others. The way a person takes decisions for a particular task is represented by its work performance as well as through its personality. Personal skills of a person also affect the workplace hugely, because it shows the action and the reaction of that person during the work. Personality and the performance of an employee show the quality of leadership. Personality also affects various things like conflict, motivation, etc. in a group of employees of an organization (Shahhosseini, et al., 2012). There are different different views of the people which affect the job performance as well as the personality of the other person. Personality and job performance of an employee helps an organization in judging various qualities of that employee. These qualities show that how an individual can handle a problem with the help of his personal beliefs, skills, values, etc. There are many factors such as agreeableness, quality of openness and stability to emotions, etc. which helps the company in making various predictions like an individual will have more or less conflicts, he or she will be able to work in a group or not and positive or negative a ttitudes towards their work or job assigned to them by the company. These are those factors which cant be easily changed because these factors are developed throughout a persons lifetime. So this study helps the management of a company to understand the positive and negative points of their employees rather than to fight with them while assigning any type of task to them for the betterment of the company (Maria, 2013). Interpersonal skills of a person or an employee of a company greatly affects the work environment of that company (Chu Huang, 2013). The positive attitude of an employee affects the company work with positivity and the negative attitude of an employee will affect the work of the company negatively. A person or an employee having a positive attitude or the positive nature, qualities generally enjoys completing his or her task while working. The positive attitude of an employee towards its work helps in motivating other employees of the company. A person having positive factors have the sensitivity and empathy, which helps them to act nicely with other employees working at a same work place. Management of the company provides special and important tasks to the employees having positive nature regarding to their work. Employees having a positive attitude are often placed at good designation in the company and they help the company in managing other employees of that company, dealing wi th important customers of the company and solving major problems being faced by the company. Taking important decisions in the company for the sake of the company is greatly influenced by the attitude of the employee which is a part of its performance and his or her personality (Tsai Chang, 2007). Positive qualities of an employee helps him/her in taking right decisions for the sake of the company under a great pressure, but on the other hand the person with negative qualities will be unable to make the right decision for the betterment of the company in those such conditions of great pressures and work load. This study helps the management in placing the right person in the right place to perform various tasks placing in appropriate positions so that they can give their best to the company for which they are working depending upon their qualities. If the management places an employee on a designation according to its nature and attitude than it automatically raises the motivation level of that employee and he/she will be able to work nicely and can easily complete his/her task in a specific time slot (Sakiru, et al., 2013). The overall job performance of an employee as well as of the company will be raised, because each employee will be happy with his/her work and will raise the level of their work on a daily basis. Therefore, the overall productivity of the company will get raised which automatically increases the business of the company if and only if the employees of the company are happy and are satisfied with the work assigned to them by the management (Agbim, 2013). Organizational Behaviour (OB) can be defined as the knowledge or a study related to an individual in an organization, as well as it also provides a description about the nature of the organization itself. Organizational behaviour helps in understanding the nature of various employees working in a company and it is becoming a necessary part of each and every organization day by day because people with different backgrounds and cultural values have to work together in an effective and efficient manner for the betterment of the company (Greek, 2016). Organizational behaviour provides a vision to an organization with the help of which the management can easily forecast that how employees will behave with each other. Therefore, this vision helps an organization in controlling the employees having a negative attitude towards their work for the benefit of the company. Organizational behaviour (OB) helps the management in indicating various factors or we can say important trends which are ne cessary for the development of the company or an organization. It helps an organization in making important decisions and selecting a particular method or an approach to complete the work and carrying its business worldwide. Organizational behaviour helps the management of the company in evaluating the relevance among many different approaches. It helps in maintaining the relationship between the practical work and the theoretical work of an organization by following various types of topologies. Organizational behaviour helps in predicting the various study values taken into consideration by the company for the completion of the task and in achieving its aim or mission. It also provides the information about establishing a basis for consideration of the various aspects (Ashraf, 2014). The interrelationship between the employees of an organization and the various management practices can be viewed easily and quickly with the help of organizational behaviour. It is the responsibility of the OB (Organizational behaviour) to make an understanding between the management and the employees, so that employees can easily understand the need of change required for the company. It gives the information to the employees about the important tasks which require more attention while performing them for a successful completion. Organizational behaviour (OB) provides the various resources required by the employees of the organization for performing their job. It provides the complete knowledge about the work or task to the employees, so that they can easily understand the method that how they have to do that particular task assigned to them by the management. The organizational behaviour of each and every successful company or an organization needs to apply the relationship between personality and the job performance for selecting an appropriate person for their company. It should recruit only those types of persons those who are having a good personality being followed by a good quality of working performance. If a person selected as having both the qualities than he/she can perform their assignments more effectively and efficiently, while creating a working env ironment around them (Parra Marengi, 2012). According to this study, we can easily imagine the importance and various advantages of the relation between the personality and the performance of a person or an employee. According to this a person should have both types of qualities, i.e. he/she should have a good personality as well as good performance to easily compete with other. A person can nourish his/her qualities by expanding their contacts list containing those persons which can provide benefits to them in their job through providing benefits to the company. An employee should actively participate in various activities being performed within the company. They need to participate in solving the problems being faced by the company from time to time and should have a clear image about the aim or the goal they want to achieve. Management of the company should provide easy presentations to the employees with the help of organizational behaviour. The management of the company should reward their employees those who are working well for the company, which automatically motivates and forces other employees of the company to improve their performance. This type of motivation will increase the overall performance of the company, which lead to increase the market value of the company and productivity of the company. Management of the company should need to check and should take a survey from time to time that either the employees are satisfied with their job or not. A person should change itself from time to time for modifying the various qualities related to his/her personality and working ability. An employee should attain the quality of leadership which is a part of both personality as well as performance. If he/she is having those qualities which are required by most of the companies nowadays then he/she can easily survive in the competitive environment of the company. If a person attains both the qualities, than he/she can be placed on a good designation in the company by the management. An employee should know about the different culture of the countries so that it can be beneficial for the company to carry its business across the boundaries through those employees. He/she should have the knowledge about different languages, so that they can easily communicate with the people of different countries. This also helps them to communicate with the employees working with them who belong to different cultures and countries. Therefore, we can say that OB scholars and leaders should follow the concept of the relationship between personality and the job performance for the sake an organization. References Agbim, K., 2013. The Impact of Organizational Structure and Leadership Styles on Innovation. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), February, 6(6), pp. 56-63. Ashraf, T., 2014. Organizatonal Behavior: UNESCO, Available at: https://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf Barrick, M. Mount, M., 1991. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A META-Analysis, March, 44(1). Chu, L. Huang, K., 2013. How Personality Traits Mediate the Relationship Between Flow Experience and Job Performance. The Journal of International Management Studies, 8(1), pp. 1-14, Available at: https://www.jimsjournal.org/4%20Chen-Lin%20Lee.pdf Greek, W., 2016. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. What Is the Role of Personality in Organizational Behavior?. Halim, F. W. Zainal, A., 2015. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship. Achievement motivation as mediating factore in the relationship between personality and job performance relationship, Volume 2, p. 11. Maria, B., 2013. the relationship between leadership effectiveness and organizational performance. Dresmara journal, 3(1), pp. 123-127. Parra, R. Marengi, J., 2012. Approcahes to organization and management, Available at: https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0273757342.pdf Rothmann, S. Coetzer, E., 2003. The big five personalty dimensions and job performance. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(1), pp. 1-7. Sakiru, O., Enoho, D., Kareem, S. Abdullahi, M., 2013. Relationship between employee performance, leadership styles and emotional intelligence in an organization. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), February, 8(2), pp. 53-57. Shahhosseini, M., Silong, A., Ismaill, I. Uli, J. N., 2012. The Role of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance. International Journal of Business and Social Science, November, 3(21), pp. 1-6, Available at: https://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_21_November_2012/25.pdf Thisera, T., 2013. Expolring the relationship between supervisor's leadership and subordinates performance. International Journal of Social Science Interdisciplinary Research, June.2(6). Tsai, H. Chang, P., 2007. Investigating the relationship among leadership styles,emotional intelligence and organization commitment on job performance: A study of salespeople in Thailand. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, December.3(2).

The Colossal Head Essays - Egyptology, Africa, Ancient Egypt

The Colossal Head The Colossal Head When we think of ancient Egyptian art, we think of deteriorating stone statues, bits and pieces of old architecture, and faded paintings of animals in dark caves and caverns. All of these ancient ruins are part of what shaped Egyptian culture back in the times of Dynasties. Their artwork not only revealed so much of their religion, rituals, and culture, but it also served as a basis for developing and advancing art. The Colossal Head, found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was one of the many early sculptures of Egypt. It came from the late Third or early Fourth Dynasty (2600-2530 B.C.E.). It's no more than two feet high and is made of Red Granite stone. The face of the sculpture has a fleshy, full look to it and most of the features are very blunt, giving it a very healthy, powerful appearance. The eyes are empty as are the eyes of most ancient sculptures so as not to give them any particular focus or expression, and they are styled with regular upper and lower curves, making them semicircular. The mouth is long and fine-lipped which is typical of Fourth Dynasty kings. It curves neither up nor down, showing no emotion whatsoever, creating a very vacant, placid stare. The Seated Statue of Gudea and The Female Head from Uruk are just a couple of other statues with the same empty, expressionless stare. However, the rest of the features of the sculpture and the thick neck are more like images from the Third Dynasty. The tops of the ears and the tip of the nose have been broken off either with carelessness or with time, both of which cause the damage of many ancient sculptures. The statue of Senmut with Princess Nefrua is another of the many sculptures that had been broken over time. Although it has not been proven, the sculpture has been identified as King Huni who best fits the style of this image of an early Old Kingdom Pharaoh. This particular sculpture matches the description of so many others, almost like a generic pattern. Nearly every sculpture from the Third and Fourth Dynasties has the bold facial features, the vacant eyes, and the emotionless face. They were never intended to impress, but to simply be a devotion to a higher power or ruler. While each statue is always slightly different than the next, they seem to all fall into the same category and have the same style, always very modest and usually religious. Egypt is a land of dazzling buried treasure and quiet tomb secrets. Only the dead can experience these treasures however, for they were gifts from the living for the afterlife. The Egyptians, like so many other cultures, were polytheistic and firmly believed in life after death. To make the transition from life to death, the Egyptians would bury their dead with some of their favorite items to take with them to the afterlife. Some of these treasures were very extravagant and valuable. It seemed almost as if the afterlife was more important than actually living. They spent their existence preparing for what came next. Whole temples and enormous statues were constructed as dedication to the deceased. The Stepped Pyramid of King Zozer, measuring three hundred ninety-four feet by three hundred sixty feet, was just one of the many pyramids built in honor of a pharaoh or ruler. The term "Pharaoh" comes from the bible. When we hear this word we think of government, religion, and a way of life. The scriptures used this name to designate rulers in Egypt. It was also used to describe the "Great House", the royal palace where all orders affecting the civil and religious life of the Egyptians were issued. Eventually, the king began being referred to as the "Great House" or Pharaoh and it soon became customary to combine this name with the king's personal name. From then on, Egypt always had a pharaoh ruling over them. By doing this, Egypt had developed one of the first great civilizations that was literate, bureaucratic, and technologically advanced. It centered all it's power and aspirations around a single divine pharaoh who was the master of ceremonies and who made all decisions for Egypt. Egyptian culture was very similar to Greek culture throughout the Third and Fourth Dynasties (the Third Dynasty was also known as the Memphite Dynasty because while some areas of Egypt began to lose their importance, Memphis secured its position as the capital). They influenced and contributed to each others civilizations by means of architectural advancements, religious beliefs, and technological

The Dinosaurs of Flaming Cliffs

The Dinosaurs of Flaming Cliffs Location Mongolia Date of Fossil Sediments Late Cretaceous (85 million years ago) Dinosaurs Discovered Protoceratops, Oviraptor, Velociraptor, Therizinosaurus About the Flaming Cliffs Formation Not all parts of the world had substantially different climates 85 million years ago than they do today. During the late Cretaceous period, for example, Antarctica was much more temperate than it is now, but Mongolias Gobi Desert seems to have been as hot, dry and brutal as its always been. We know this from the fact that so many of the dinosaur fossils unearthed at the Flaming Cliffs formation appear to have been buried in sudden sandstorms, and that very few large dinosaurs (which would have needed equally large amounts of vegetation to survive) lived here. Flaming Cliffs was explored in 1922 by the buccaneering explorer Roy Chapman Andrews, who made one of paleontologys enduring mistakes when he accused Oviraptor of stealing eggs belonging to Protoceratops (it was determined, decades later, that the Oviraptor specimen had been guarding its own eggs). This site is also close to the region where researchers unearthed the tangled remains of a Protoceratops and a Velociraptor, which appear to have been locked in a death struggle at the time of their sudden demise. When dinosaurs died at Flaming Cliffs, they died quickly: burial by fierce sandstorms is the only way to account for the discovery of this dinosaur pair (as well as numerous, near-complete Protoceratops skeletons found standing in the upright position). One of the things that makes Flaming Cliffs such a romantic fossil destination is its utter remoteness, geographically speaking, from any nearby outposts of civilization; the most densely inhabited regions of China are at least a thousand miles away. When Andrews made his historic trip a century ago, he had to take along provisions worthy of a polar expedition, including a large team of local guides mounted on horseback, and he set off in a blizzard of press coverage and popular adulation (in fact, Andrews was at least partly the inspiration for Harrison Fords character in the Indiana Jones movies.) Today, this region of Mongolia is a bit more accessible to devoted paleontologists, but still not a place the average family would choose to go on vacation. Some of the other dinosaurs discovered at Flaming Cliffs (beside the famous ones related above) include the long-armed Deinocheirus (now identified as a bird mimic dinosaur, along with its Mongolian contemporary Gallimimus), the tyrannosaurs Alioramus and Tarbosaurus, and the bizarre, shaggy Therizinosaurus.

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY - Dissertation Example 2. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF TRANSACTIONS TO WHICH THE BAN ON RIBA IS APPLICABLE? DOES THE TERM APPLY ONLY TO THE INTEREST CHARGED ON CONSUMPTION LOANS OR DOES IT ALSO COVER PRODUCTIVE LOANS ADVANCED BY BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? The Shariah clearly states that riba al-nasi'ah, â€Å"the fixing in advance a positive return on a loan as a reward for waiting† is prohibited. Hence it could be understood as a ban on interest as commonly used today. Islamic jurists, the fuqaha, state in no unclear terms that all manifestations of riba are forbidden. So it does not matter if the context is consumption or business and also whether the loan in issued or availed. It is also irrelevant whether the institution in question is a commercial bank, government agency, business enterprise or an individual. 3. DOES THE PROHIBITION OF RIBA APPLY EQUALLY TO THE LOANS OBTAINED FROM OR EXTENDED TO MUSLIMS AS WELL AS NON-MUSLIMS? The Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA), which is the leading authority on f inancial transactions, mentions that there is no leniency in the application of Shariah laws even if one party of a financial transaction is non-Muslim. ... IS SUCH A SCHEME ACCEPTABLE FROM AN ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW? In economies with high rates of inflation, restrictions imposed by Shariah laws can undermine value of investments. To compensate for such a loss, a method of indexation is usually employed. There is no consensus yet among the fuqaha, as to the compatibility of indexation practices with Islamic scriptures. So far the Fiqh Academy has permitted indexation in cases pertaining to â€Å"wages and contracts fulfilled over a period of time† and has disallowed in cases pertaining to monetary debts. Similarly, â€Å"for debts in a specific currency, due in installments, the parties may agree to settle the installments due in a different currency at the prevailing rate of exchange on the date of settlement†. 5. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MODES OF FINANCING USED BY ISLAMIC BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? Islamic banking system has invented a few ingenious modes of financing in order to comply with Shariah principles. The first mode is based upon sharing of both profits and losses incurred by investments, respectively the mudarahab (passive partnership) and musharakah (active partnership). The second mode operates on the basis of credit offered durig the purchase of goods and services and uses such financial concepts as murabahah (sales contract at a profit markup), ijarah (leasing), salam and istisna (contracts). These modes are unique to Islamic finance and have been approved by fiqh officials. Apart from being consistent with Islamic precepts, these modes incentivise direct investments, thereby contributing to economic growth of the bank/institution/country. Yet, improvements need to be done in order to integrate Islamic financial system into global

The Customer Experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Customer Experience - Assignment Example These major banks are nationally operating banks with extensive branch and agency networks. Deregulation of the banking industry enabled them to compete more effectively with non bank financial institutions in many fields of financial services. Ethical product consumption trend: (add 20 words) Outline (add 20 words) 2. Background The co-operation bank and smile strategy in UK (their customer’s segmentation): The co-operation bank, whose roots date back to 1872, is a full service retail player in the UK commercial banking industry. The co-operation bank has 3 million customers accounts for comparison Barclay’s Bank is a major competitor with over 10 million current UK accounts. Smile is a part of Co?operative Bank, which was founded in 1872 as a part of the Co?operative Movement. The Co-operative Movement grows out of the revolution of industry to create a good means of distributing profits. In order to approach objectively to determine the success of any retail bank Cus tomer service strategies of that bank should be reviewed. A successful bank should be able to define and implement solutions to all the challenges at customer end. Here are the some essential positioning strategies presented to help you realize the needs of improving customer experience, leveraging cross-sell and up-sell opportunities and by promoting agent productivity and satisfaction in Banking Segment; Offering an inviting â€Å"Customer Door† By making more Effective use of customer data Handle calls more actively Use inbound marketing to reach the customers outside the branch Leverage demographic profile to establish customer intimacy Boost the productivity of your agents through interaction blending. The target country Australia segmentation: The main purpose of segmentation is to match the Bank’s offer to the customers’ needs. Precisely, customer segmentation is the process of defining who are your potential customers and group them regarding their requi rements, characteristics and/or behavior and their worth. Segmenting the Customers is a stepping key stone for a banks superior performance. The Australian banking industry indicates an oversupply of services as evidenced by reduced interest margins, falling interest revenue as well as moderate economies of scale amongst the major banks. Customer base segmentation is the established method for understanding customer requirements and needs as it enables an institution to reflect the homogenous groups within its customer community. Customer segmentation is an important part in the banking sector of Australia. In Australia various Segmentation factors such as customer-value, life stage, sophistication and geographic situation are all explored and the merits of each are analysed. The Research of private banking websites will show that they all speak of individual attention and tailored services. If some Australian private banks seek to better service their clients and to build their hig h reputed relationships, then there are two possible ways to be considered namely: genuinely tailored responsive service two-way client defined communication. For the cooperative bank the segmentation is being done on the basis of: Average annual gross income of the customers by age Rural and urban background of the customers Economical background of the customers Industrial setup of the customers Introduction of consumer behavior model: It is very simple to

Should cars be more efficient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should cars be more efficient - Essay Example Lately, there have been world issues that have resulted in â€Å"unprecedented high costs of gasoline,† and consumers are feeling the effect of this increasingly (Barke, et al., 2009, 62). There is also the issue of reducing the environmental footprint of vehicles, as they are made more efficient. Despite the increasing need for efficiency in cars, there has not been significant progress until the past decade or so. Strategies prior to this time revolved around â€Å"weight reduction through material substitution† (Chialin & Jun, 2008, 22-23). The small lightweight cars tend to be more efficient than the full-size sport utility vehicles. Other hurdles in the development process were not tackled early on, and as a result, the â€Å"technology efficient frontier†¦ did not improve significantly,† until the most recent time (Chialin & Jun, 2008, 30). Not everyone struggles to meet ends meet, nor do all hold the environment as the most important artifact in the world. On average however, many do have to compromise, and a major hurdle to consumers adopting efficient technology has been that these hybrid, or more efficient cars â€Å"have been substantially more than comparable conventional vehicles† (Barke, et al., 2009, 71). Even though the need for more efficient technology is increasing, there are many economic restraints in â€Å"raw material costs and availability,† that means until now that conventional engines dominate in their affordability (Lang et al., 2011, i). However, conditions are improving and the many types of efficient technology can mean that the idea of an efficient car can head towards mass adoption rather than appealing to a smaller niche market. As the masses can afford efficient cars, and fuel costs continue to rise, there will likely be many more developments in these type of locomotive composites, at an increasing rate. As the

Issues of social balance and mixed communities

Issues of social balance and mixed communities Interest in social balance and mixed communities has arisen as a response to both increased management issues in social housing and to concepts of the underclass and social exclusion. The identification of significant and persistent inequalities between areas at the ward and neighbourhood level in recent research (e.g. Meen et al., 2005) has triggered a shift in housing strategy and policy. Social balance is now entrenched within English housing and planning policy where it provides a correction to the housing markets natural tendency to segregate (Goodchild and Cole, 2001). Although this state interventionist approach has come under-fire from academics such as Cheshire (2007), who argue that spatial policy cannot correct deep-rooted social and economic forces and that the focus of policy should be to reduce income inequality in society not just treat the consequences of it, social mixing has gained popular support in urban policy. This literature review outlines the mixed community approach to urban gentrification in urban policy by discussing its latest iteration, the MCI. The MCIs place in UK policy discourse is then analysed as a way of exploring its conceptual and theoretical ideologies for area regeneration. Finally, an in depth review of the literature is conducted which reengages with Mixed Communities as an approach to area regeneration Since 2005, the mixed communities approach to gentrification and the renewal of disadvantaged neighbourhoods has become firmly embedded in the UKs housing and planning policy. The approach was first announced in January 2005 in the Mixed Communities Initiative (MCI) which formed part of New Labours five year plan for the delivery of sustainable communities. The MCI has four core components (Lupton et al., 2009); A commitment to the transformation of areas with concentrated poverty, to provide a better housing environment, higher employment, better education, less crime and higher educational achievements. To achieve these through changes in the housing stock and attraction of new populations, whilst improving opportunities for existing populations. Finance development by recognising the value of publicly owned land and other public assets. Integrate government policies to produce a holistic approach which is sustainable through mainstream funding. Initially the MCI was delivered through twelve demonstration projects situated in the most deprived neighbourhoods in the UK. However, more recently the concepts behind the mixed community approach have grown beyond these projects and are now advocated by planning authorities in a diverse range of areas. Consequently, mixed community developments are emerging without demonstration project status and as such mixed communities have become an approach to area regeneration in addition to being a government policy initiative (Silverman et al., 2006). In response to this policy development the purpose of this literature review is two-fold. Firstly, through analysis of the theories of poverty, place and gentrification in policy discourse it is possible to gain an understanding of the rationale behind the mixed communities conception of the causes place poverty. Review Secondly Theories of Poverty and Place in Urban Policy Any form of urban regeneration reflects a specific theoretical understanding of the causes of place poverty. Throughout the 20th Century UK urban policy has undergone a transformation in its understanding of the causes of place poverty and consequently the approach to urban regeneration has altered. A broad distinction can be made in the UKs approaches to regeneration; between early regeneration by the Keynesian welfare state and that advocated by conservative governments. The former looked to correct the crisis of the neighbourhood through neighbourhood improvement. This approach understands the problems of declining areas as a product of the economic structures which cause spatial and social inequality (Katz, 2004). In response they looked to improve living conditions and try to equalise life chances through redistributive social welfare programmes. In contrast to neighbourhood improvement is the neighbourhood transformation approach, a discernibly neoliberal approach advocated by conservative governments. Here the problems of disadvantaged neighbourhoods are understood as the product of market failures rather than underlying economic structures. The creation of mass social housing estates and overly generous benefit regimes are some of the market failures which reportedly trap the disadvantaged in social cultures of dependency (Goetz, 2003). In the neighbourhood improvement approach these areas are seen as a barrier to market forces; occupying inner city areas with good commercial and residential property investment potential. According to Lupton and Fuller (2009:1016) the neighbourhood improvement approach understands the solution to be: not simply the amelioration of conditions in these neighbourhoods for the benefit of their current residents, but the restoration of market functionality through the physical change and transformation of the position of the neighbourhood in the urban hierarchy Perhaps the best example of this is the role of Urban Development Corporations which brought about the transformation of the London Docklands in the 1980s. Their presence instigated a fundamental change in the role of the state in urban development, from a regulator of the market to an agent within the market. The state was now responsible for fostering the economic conditions under which the economic productivity of areas and communities could be improved. In 1997 New Labours urban regeneration policy was hailed as a divorce from this transformational approach and a return to the improvement approach. The government pioneered an array of new, enhanced public services under the National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal. Included was the Neighbourhood Renewal Unit and the New Deal for Communities (NDC) which facilitated interaction between local agents on neighbourhood improvement. Whilst this strategy had the appearance of a strong local focus which prioritised residents, other elements of New Labours policies were characteristically neoliberal. As Fuller and Geddes (2008) remark, Labours urban interventions focus on an equality of opportunity agenda which aspires to greater social cohesion and inclusion by devolving responsibility to local citizens. However, by not matching these responsibilities with appropriate state powers within the NRU and NDC there has been little support for local citizens except to merely compensate the indiv iduals and places put at risk by market forces. As such New Labours initiatives have failed to deliver major redistributional interventions which relinquish local state agents from neoliberal targets, cultures and forms of control (Jessop, 1990). Neoliberal theories of poverty and place within the MCI Within this policy discourse the MCI exists as a more characteristically neoliberal initiative. It is clear in its understanding of the problem, concentrated poverty, and the solution, de-concentration through gentrification and neighbourhood transformation. By doing this the MCI subscribes to a policy discourse which understands concentrated poverty as a spatial metaphor (Crump, 2002). This metaphor inherently undermines complex economic, social and political processes and uses the individual failings of the poor within concentrated spaces to justify their dilution or removal. The concentrated poverty thesis originated from the US (e.g. The Hope VI Urban Revitalisation Programme) where it provides legitimacy to policies which alter cities spatial structures through market forces. Such influences have encouraged British policy makers to adopt a more radical approach to urban regeneration and advocate extensive demolition and gentrification to restore functioning housing markets, imposing a neoliberal agenda on struggling housing environments (Imbroscio, 2008). The MCIs focus on market restoration is clearly articulated: the aim is that success measures should be choice. Reputation, choice of staying and that people want to move in its about market choice (Senior CLG official in Lupton et al., 2009:36) The government realises that while public service improvements will help create this market, it is not enough alone physical change is required to enhance peoples attraction to the neighbourhood and its market. The states role is therefore not just to invest directly but improve and diversify the housing stock whilst decreasing public housing ratios with the explicit goal of stimulating market processes. However, a further consequence of this is the re-population of The mixed communities approach requires the state to fund the improvement of services, in many cases to attract better-off residents, and sell or gift land to the private sector. The removal of social housing through its gift to the private sector inherently creates a spatial fix for poverty and incentivises the development of mixed-income housing developments. In such a situation there is potential for the private sector to change social housing in co-ordinance with market dynamics and consequently complex and marginal developments will be neglected (Adair et al., 2003). CONCLUDE and develop a little mention gentrifiction Impact of Mixed Communities As long as 30 years ago, Holcomb and Beauregard (1981) were critical of the way it was assumed that benefits of urban revitalisation through social mixing would trickle down to the poor. Despite the consequential academic debate, which disputed whether gentrification leads to social exclusion, segregation and displacement, it has become increasingly popular in urban policy where it is assumed that its application leads to a more socially mixed, integrated, and sustainable urban environment. The following review will explore the literature which questions whether moving middle-income populations into low-income neighbourhoods or vice versa has a positive impact on residents urban experience. link to mixed communities Schoon (2001) identifies three rationales behind social mixing in policy debates. Firstly, there is an assumption that the middle-class are more likely to attract public resources and as such the lower-income household will fare better in socially mixed communities. Secondly, mixed income developments are in a better position to support a local economy than areas of concentrated poverty. Finally and most controversially, the networks and contacts argument advocated by Putnam (1995) poses that socially mixed neighbourhoods create an environment which improves the bridging and bonding of social capital between social classes. Consequently, lower-income residents have more opportunities to network and break out of poverty than they would in areas of concentrated deprivation. The Social Exclusion Unit (1998:53) expands on this: [socially mixed neighbourhoods] often brings people into contact with those outside their normal circle, broadening horizons and raising expectations, and can link people into informal networks through which work is more easily found. These three arguments are the cornerstone of a global policy discourse which has received very little critique in the UK. One of the reasons for this is the way it is framed. The social mixing agenda which has been prominent in western efforts to decentralise poverty is a discourse which actively avoids the word gentrification. Instead it uses terms like urban revitalisation, urban regeneration, and urban sustainability to redefine itself as a moral discourse which helps the poor (Slater, 2005; 2006). By doing this the discourse deflects from the class restructuring processes which define its implementation. Previous Studies As of yet there is little consensus around the ability of gentrification to achieve the goals asked of it, neither is it clear what type of social mix is most desirable or the outcomes of different mixes (Walks and Maaranen, 2008). For instance, Tunstall and Fenton (2006) who claim to amass the best UK research on social mix conclude that although knowledge gaps exist the founding arguments for mixed communities remains valid. Yet, in contrast, Doherty et al. (2006) undertook quantitative analysis of the UK census and Scottish Longitudinal Study and concluded that there is little evidence to support the mixing of housing tenures in developments with the premise of improving social well-being. Purpose sentence Randolph and Wood (2003) note that much of the research conducted so far has concentrated on social mixing in public housing estates (Atkinson and Kintrea, 2000; Cole and Shayer, 1998) and there has been little exploration of the social mixing occurring in new build developments. Does Gentrification bring about social mixing? Contrary to the assumptions which link gentrification to improved social mixing, most research suggests that gentrification is likely to reduce social mixing at the neighbourhood level. Interviews conducted by Butler (1997), and Butler and Robson (2001; 2003) suggest that local middle-income gentrifiers engaged in little social interaction with lower-income residents. Their research found that gentrifiers generally sought out people with similar cultural and political interests which often lead to little interaction between middle and low-income residents. Accordingly, they found that interaction was greatest in areas where gentrification had homogenised an area and pushed out other groups. In areas where this had not occurred, Butler and Robson (2001) reported that, the difference between tenants resulted in tectonic juxtapositions which polarised social groups rather than integrating them. In their later research, Butler and Robson (2003) not only reinforced their earlier findings but found that children formed a key facilitator in resident integration: there was no evidence that the children played outside these middle class networks, our fieldwork strongly suggests that the middle class preschool clubs were highly exclusionary of non-middle class children (Butler and Robson, 2003:128) Although Butler and Robsons research rightly questions the role of gentrification in a policy discourse which looks to foster a sustainable urban environment it does so primarily through the experiences of the gentrifier. Davidsons (under review) research of new build, middle income development on the River Thames, London engaged with both gentrifier and non-gentrifier to reinforce scepticism over the ability of housing type to influence class relations. Davidson found no evidence to suggest that any of the developments desired outcomes had been achieved through the introduction of a middle class population. Both the temporary nature of new build residents and the spatially segregated nature of the development itself meant the development fostered little integration between low and middle income residents who do not work in the same place, use the same transport or frequent same restaurants or pubs. In a similar study Freeman (2006) researched two black gentrifying neighbourhoods in New York City. Like Davidson, Freeman found that social networks rarely crossed and that gentrifiers and longer term residents generally moved in different spaces. Additionally, Freeman experienced that residents were hesitant to pass comment on social mixing, they rarely expressed their opinions in overly positive or negative tones. In accordance with this literature it seems unrealistic to assume that different social groups will integrate when living together. As some of the authors have highlighted, increased neighbourhood diversity does not correlate with increased social interaction and can in some cases promote social conflict as much as it does social harmony. Mention how its all based on a class representation of society The mixed communities policy agenda has been used to help improve inequality in social housing (estates managed by local authorities, housing associations, and other non-profit housing agencies) and more controversially to regenerate social housing. This concentration on social housing comes out of a Since its conception social housing in the UK has experienced slow residualisation a tendency to house only certain types of household; the poor, unemployed, those in debt, with a history of mental illness and experiencing a relationship breakdown (Cole and Furbey, 1994). For much of social housings history this process has been ignored and consequently has been accompanied by a sorting process forcing the most vulnerable households into the most unattractive housing (Willmott and Murie, 1988). MIXED COMMUNITIES DEFINE EVERYDAY EXPERIENCE what is encapsulated within this? Social interactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Previous Studies There are three studies which are relevant to this research. They examine the impact of mixed community housing on social interaction: Atkinson and Kintrea (2000) conducted an exploratory study which analysed diaries made by 38 households. The research suggested that patterns of social life vary by tenure and as such little interaction occurred between residents of owner occupied housing and social housing tenants. The neighbourhood was seen as a focus of interaction for social housing residents only. Cole and Shavers (1998b) survey of 52 residents in a new build, mixed-tenure redevelopment in Sheffield again found only weakly developed social networks. Jupps (1999:10-11) analysis of interviews with over 1,000 residents living in ten-mixed-tenure estates in England, concluded that the street is a more significant social unit than the estate. The case studies analysed often had social and private housing located on different streets and consequently there was little mixing reported between the two groups. Jupp reported that fostering social interaction would extremely difficult because of the overwhelming belief between residents: they do not think that they share many common interests with their neighbours. Individually these studies offer little scope, but taken together they provide a consistent view that mixed tenure developments foster little social interaction between residents of different social backgrounds. However, it must be realised that these studies only examine the grass-roots neighbourhood, that is to say that they often ignore the way external perceptions have defining role in the developments success. Atkinson and Kintrea (2000) identify it as a key area for future research when they report that residents welcomed the influx of higher income residents because they improve the reputation and appearance of the area. There is one fundamental understanding that underpins urban policy in the UK; as stated in the foreword of the Urban White Paper: How we live our lives is shaped by where we live our lives

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay examples -- Literary Analysis

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses Jim as the moral center of the story to depict the hardships, racial obstacles, and stereotypes that blacks endured during the era of American slavery. Dating back to the 1600’s and during the harsh cruelty of the American slave era comes the inspiring story of a black man in search of a new start. Among many other slaves, Jim is brought to an unjust, nefarious reality as he endures the oppression of racial discrimination. Throughout American history, many blacks grew up constantly bearing the unforgiving rancor of whites. A discriminating social system emerged, establishing white supremacy. Sadly, whites claimed superiority over any non-white and attacked many traits of these lower groups including their intelligence, roles in society and their emotions as human beings. In many parts of the story, Jim is viewed by the whites around him as a dullard. Jim seems to do whatever he is told with the notion that whites know best . Later Huck and Tom, both white children, devise a plan to rescue Jim from his capture. Although the two boys are significantly younger than Jim, the black slave chooses to listen to them because of the color of their skin: â€Å"Jim he couldn’t see no sense in the most of it, but he allowed [the boys were] white folks and knowed better than him† (Twain 188). During the slave era, the color white symbolized intelligence, a force to intimidate and control others. Jim’s statement reflects the insecurity that had been forged within him by the outside white force. He fails to understand the terms of the plan to set him free but understands that the immature children know what is best-- for they are white. Moreover, slavery forced blacks into many subordinate roles. S... ...ce of the times he has spent with them. At one point, Jim reflects on an incident when he has struck his child out of anger. After realizing the reason for her disobedience, her loss of hearing, he pleads to God, â€Å"de Lord God Amighty fogive po’ ole Jim, kaze he never qwyne to fogive hisself as long’s he live!† (Twain 118). He discovers â€Å"she was plumb deef en dumb†¦ en [he had] ben a-treat’n her so!† (Twain 118). With the sound of a distant whack, Jim is flooded with guilt and regret. He relates the sound to a past which he will never be able to forgive himself for. The once buried feelings for his family finally surface, vivified with a new sense of emotion for his loved ones. On the outside Jim is a slave, a black creature who endures the callous twists of life. Under his skin, however, he is a father, an honest and caring person and most importantly a human.

Coffee Benefits Essay

Several studies comparing moderate coffee drinkers (about 2 cups a day) with light coffee drinkers (less than one cup a day) found that those who drank more coffee were significantly less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease later in life. [2][3] [edit] Reduced risk of gallstone disease Drinking caffeinated coffee has been correlated with a lower incidence of gallstones and gallbladder disease in both men[4] and women[5] in two studies performed by the Harvard School of Public Health. A lessened risk was not seen in those who drank decaffeinated coffee. [edit] Reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease A study comparing heavy coffee drinkers (3. 5 cups a day) with non-drinkers found that the coffee drinkers were significantly less likely to contract Parkinson’s Disease later in life. [6]. Likewise, a second study found an inverse relationship between the amount of coffee regularly drunk and the likelihood of developing Parkinson’s Disease. [7] [edit] Cognitive performance Many people drink coffee for its ability to increase short term recall and increase IQ[8]. Likewise, in tests of simple reaction time, choice reaction time, incidental verbal memory, and visuospatial reasoning, participants who regularly drank coffee were found to perform better on all tests, with a positive relationship between test scores and the amount of coffee regularly drunk. Elderly participants were found to have the largest effect associated with regular coffee drinking. [9] Another study found that women over the age of 80 performed significantly better on cognitive tests if they had regularly drunk coffee over their lifetimes. [10] [edit] Analgesic enhancement Coffee contains caffeine, which increases the effectiveness of pain killers, especially migraine and headache medications. [11] For this reason, many over-the-counter headache drugs include caffeine in their formula. [edit] Antidiabetic Coffee intake may reduce one’s risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 by up to half. While this was originally noticed in patients who consumed high amounts (7 cups a day), the relationship was later shown to be linear. [12] [edit] Liver disease Coffee can also reduce the incidence of cirrhosis of the liver[13] and has been linked to a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary liver cancer that usually arises in patients with preexisting cirrhosis. [14] The exact mechanism and the amount of coffee needed to achieve a beneficial effect are as yet unclear. [15] [edit] Cancer Coffee consumption is also correlated to a reduced risk of oral, esophageal, and pharyngeal cancer. [16][17] In ovarian cancer, no benefit was found. [18] In the Nurses Health Study, a modest reduction in breast cancer was observed in postmenopausal women only, which was not confirmed in decaffeinated coffee. [19] [edit] Cardioprotective Coffee reduces the incidence of heart disease, though whether this is simply because it rids the blood of excess lipids or because of its stimulant effect is unknown. [citation needed] [edit] Laxative/diuretic Coffee is also a powerful stimulant for peristalsis and is sometimes considered to prevent constipation; it is also a diuretic. However, coffee can also cause loose bowel movements. Practitioners in alternative medicine often recommend coffee enemas for â€Å"cleansing of the colon† due to its stimulus of peristalsis, although mainstream medicine has not proved any benefits of the practice. [edit] Antioxidant Coffee contains the anticancer compound methylpyridinium. This compound is not present in significant amounts in other food materials. Methylpyridinium is not present in raw coffee beans but is formed during the roasting process from trigonelline, which is common in raw coffee beans. It is present in both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, and even in instant coffee. [20] http://ezinearticles. com/? Coffee-and-Its-Antioxidants-Healthier-Than-You-May-Realize&id=1235899 Did you know that coffee is chock full of antioxidants, an anticancer agent? If you’ve always thought coffee is bad for you, think again. Aside from keeping you alert and awake, coffee can also keep you young and fighting cancer. So, continue reading for answers to some frequently asked questions about coffee and its antioxidants. What are antioxidants? Antioxidants are any vitamin or nutrient that can help prevent cancer or damage to the heart and other tissues caused by free radicals. By neutralizing free radicals, they prevent cell degradation. Antioxidant rich foods include blueberries, raspberries, dates, chocolate and, of course, coffee. What type of antioxidants are in coffee? The antioxidants found in coffee are called polyphenols. More specifically, the compound is methylpridinium. The antioxidant isn’t present in raw, green coffee beans, but is actually created during the roasting process. How much coffee is enough? Research has shown that people who drink one to two coffees a day have half the risk of developing liver cancer when compared to people who didn’t drink coffee. Meanwhile, drinking 4 to 6 cups of coffee can reduce your risk for type-2 diabetes by as much as 50 percent. However, despite the reduced risk for these diseases and other cancers, like oral, esophageal, and pharyngeal cancer, doctors don’t recommend you start drinking 10 cups a day. Coffee is still a stimulant and a diuretic and if drunk in excess can cause heart problems, anxiety and possible dangerously elevated blood pressure. Can I get these antioxidants from other sources? The specific antioxidant compound of methylpridinium is only found in substantial amounts in coffee. While other food sources like cranberries, dates and other antioxidant-rich foods contain different types of antioxidants, coffee is the primary source for this particular compound. (For other sources of antioxidants try bananas, dry beans, blueberries, pomegranates, lychees and the other foods listed above.) A recent study also found that the vast majority of North Americans get most of their antioxidants from beverages and, in particular, coffee. The average adult takes in about 1300 milligrams per day through coffee and the next source is tea at a mere 294 milligrams per day. Again, while coffee is one of our highest sources of antioxidants – a great cancer-fighting and prevention agent – coffee drinkers should always practice moderation. A cup or two a day may keep a number of common diseases away, but too much coffee can also cause problems. So balance is always a necessity.

Using the French Prepositions En and Dans

Using the French Prepositions 'En' and 'Dans' In French, the prepositions en and dans both mean in, and they both express time and location. They are not, however, interchangeable.  Their usage depends on both meaning and grammar. How French Prepositions Work In French, prepositions  are generally words that  link two related parts of a sentence. They are usually placed in front of nouns or pronouns  to indicate a relationship between that  noun or pronoun and a verb, adjective  or noun that precedes it. Im talking to Jean.Je parle  Ã‚  Jean.She is from Paris.Elle est  de  Paris.The book is for you.  Le livre est  pour  toi. These small but powerful  words not only show relationships between words, they also refine the meanings of place (cities, countries, islands, regions, and U.S. states) and time (as with  pendant  and  durant); can follow adjectives and link them to the remainder of a sentence; can  never  end a sentence (as they can in English); can be difficult to translate into English and idiomatic; and can exist as a prepositional phrase, such as  au-dessus de  (above),  au-dessous de (below),  and  au milieu de (in the middle of). Some prepositions are also used after certain verbs to complete their meaning, such as  croire en  (to believe in),  parler   (to talk to) and  parler de  (to talk about).  Plus, prepositional phrases can be replaced by the adverbial pronouns  y  and  en. The following guidelines and examples delineate how and when to use two of the trickier French prepositions:  en and dans. Notice how they link two related parts of each sentence.   Examples of When  to Use En in French En expresses the length of time an action happens. As a result, the verb is usually in the present or past tense, as in Je peux faire le lit en cinq minutes.I can make the bed in five minutes.Il a lu le livre en une heure.  He read the book in an hour.Jai appris danser en un an.  I learned how to dance in a year. En  expresses when an action happens as it relates to the calendar: month, season, or year. Exception: au printemps. Nous voyageons en Avril. We travel in April.Il arrivera en hiver.  He will arrive in the winter. En  can mean in or to when followed directly by a noun that doesnt need an article: Vous allez en prison!  Youre going to prison!  Il est en classe.  Hes in school. En  can also mean  in or to when used with some  states, provinces, and countries, such as Jhabite en Californie.I live in California.Je vais en France. Im going to France. Examples of When to Use Dans Dans  indicates the amount of time before action will occur. Note that the verb is usually in the present or future, as in Nous partons dans dix minutes.Were leaving in 10 minutes.  Il reviendra dans une heure.Hell be back in an hour.  Elle va commencer dans une semaine. Shes going to start in a week. Dans  refers to something that occurs within or during a decade, as in Dans les annà ©es soixantes...In the sixties...Dans les annà ©es quatre-vingts...During the eighties... Dans  means in a location when followed by an article plus noun, such as Il est dans la maison.Hes in the house.  Quest-ce qui est dans la boà ®te? Whats in the box? Dans  also means in or to with some  states and provinces: Jhabite dans le Maine.I live in Maine.Je vais dans lOntario. ï » ¿Im going to Ontario.

Odyssey essays

Odyssey essays The epic The Odyssey has a collaboration of claims in reference with family and relationships. Not only is the story about an immortal man pampered by the wishes and desires of the Greek gods to travel home after twenty years away from home as a punishment, but as a breakdown of a man and wifes relationship over a struggle of time apart. The marriage bond between Odysseus and Penelope in this book is somewhat distorted. There are situations that may be looked upon by others in our time period as being immoral and sinful. It is these situations that breakdown an argument between what is justified right and wrong in a marriage. Odysseus has been away from his kingdom in Ithaca for the past 20 years. Not only has he been away from his kingdom and people, but his wife Penelope and his only son, the prince, Telemachus. Over these profuse years apart from one each other Penelope has stayed desolate, not marrying another to take place of the man she has wept for in thought of his return almost every night. By todays standards it is sometimes quite uncommon to hear of a widow or widower staying single and carrying on a relationship with anybody else than the one that they lost. At times money, property and materialistic objects can blind a relationship into wrong thoughts and perceptions that are spite and ill willed. While in The Odyssey it seems to be a case of a man sacrificing everything and doing whatever it takes to get home to his wife and child. There is no obstacle he cannot over come, no wall that is too high, and no ocean large enough that he can and would not conquer to see these two represent ations of his life. With these we learn that Odysseus falls into traps of deception, as well as lust and has to give up being true to Penelope in order to stay alive and continue his journey. Many do not agree with the idea of Odysseus, the man, engaging in extra marital affairs. I mean hes only doing it to con...

Americans Attitude towards Abortion Research Paper

Americans Attitude towards Abortion - Research Paper Example Therefore, more men do not support the women right to have abortion for whatever reason. From the graph provided below it can be seen that the higher the level of education the more people support abortion. Its now evident that the attitude towards abortion depends on the level of education. In a bid to find out whether the level of education affects the peoples' attitude regarding abortion, the null hypothesis may be stated as, the peoples' attitude to abortion depends on the level of education that they have i.e. The chi-square value of 31.08 is greater than 9.48773 from the chi-square distribution tables corresponding with 4 degrees of freedom and (0.05) confidence interval. The null hypothesis that states that there is a relationship between the level of education and attitude towards abortion is rejected. This implies that the attitude towards abortion depends on other factors but not the level of education. The horizontal axis shows the increasing status of employment, therefore from the chi test results it is evident that abortion support will depend on employment status, whereby the employed have higher abortion support than the unemployed. The study is about the attitude toward abortion. The study entails data from 1975 to 2000 for over 2,500 households and this data was retrieved from the General Social Survey. Data was also categorized in terms of gender, employment and education. The paper analysis the attitude toward abortion comparing men and women, education attainment and employment, The paper states and test hypothesis which include whether the general support of abortion in America, the other research question is whether more women than men support abortion. The paper also tends to analyze whether there is a relationship between education attainment and abortion and finally the final research question is whether there is a difference in the attitude toward abortion and employment status. Methods used to test the above hypothesis is the use of chi test, the chi square distribution table is used to test the hypothesis and this involves comparing the chi square value given the degree of freedom, whereby a decision is made by determining whether the calculated value is greater or less than the critical value from the table. Result show that the total number of people who support abortion have increased over the years and therefore it is expected that this number will increase in the future, the

The Basic Concept of Business-to-Business Marketing Research Paper

The Basic Concept of Business-to-Business Marketing - Research Paper Example The marketing mix is more or less the same as of the consumer products but pricing, consumer relationships, and product quality play a vital role in this scenario. The branding is limited and the awareness is on the low scale among the individual customers. However, some marketing and branding strategies like online advertising in B2B portals, participating in Trade fair, corporate interviews, selective advertising in business channels and industrial magazines etc. The basic concept of marketing is the same here but with little modification. Introduction: Business to business marketing all about creating relationships and maintain it properly within the business partners. In this field that is; in industrial marketing or business to business marketing the government organizations, manufacturing, companies, service providers are involved. There is no direct relation between individual end users. Consumer behavior, product quality, pricing, and transportation play an important role. Th e creating of corporate relations is the key factor in this marketing module. More relations mean more options for having more clients. This paper will discuss the basics of business to business marketing, marketing mix, positioning, marketing strategies etc. In business, to business marketing, the customer is an organization instead of an individual end user, and that is the main distinguishing characteristics of the business to business organizations from the business to customer organizations (Brennan, Canning, and McDowell, 2010). There are many differences between the consumer market and the business market. In this case the business market. There are some products which are always bought by the organizations but not the individual customers. For example the management consultancy services, this is a service based products which can be sold only to the organizations and in this case, B2B marketing is very much important.

Lafarge Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lafarge Company - Essay Example One major advantage with e-learning is the universal nature of this approach. With the firm’s multinational presence, it goes without saying that the various managers in the countries where the firm’s branches are located can be incorporated into the system. Lafarge Company is one that deals with lime and cement in France. It is quite important to note that the company has been in operations for close to one and a half centuries. Actually around the 1930s the company was one of France’s largest cement producers. The success of the company was rather too much to be accommodated in the French locality so much so that in the present day the company has a presence in up to 76 countries all over the world. It has further diversified in the products it deals with and in the present time it has specialized in the production of concrete, aggregates, cement and gypsum. The company is of the opinion that for the achievement of its success there has to be adequate training of the staff that is there. In this connection it actually set up its learning base, the Lafarge University which was established back in the year 2003. The University aims at inculcating in managers the work values which are so much upheld by the company. The firm wants the managers of the firm to be the best in their particular fields in a bid to transforming the company even further. In the pursuit of the perfect solution to the issue at hand, Lafarge opted to get more involved with the internet. Actually the company stressed more on the development of e-learning and familiarizing the staff with what it entails. In accordance with the missions which the university upheld, there had to be a way through which the people involved in the company get a way of learning about how to achieve the objectives stipulated. The diverse nature of the firm at that particular time could not allow the centralization or rather the localization of the

Mintzberg’s 10 Managerial Roles Essay Example for Free

Mintzberg’s 10 Managerial Roles Essay This chart summarizes a manager’s ten roles: | | |Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles | | | | | | |Category |Role |Activity |Examples | | | | | | |Informational |Monitor |Seek and acquire work-related |Scan/read trade press,   periodicals, | | | |information |reports; attend seminars and | | | | |training; maintain personal contacts | |   | | | | | |Disseminator |Communicate/ disseminate information |Send memos and reports; inform staffers and | | | |to others within the organization |subordinates of decisions | |   | | | | | |Spokesperson |Communicate/transmit information to |Pass on memos, reports and informational | | | |outsiders |materials; participate in | | | | |conferences/meetings and report progress | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Interpersonal |Figurehead |Perform social and legal duties, act |Greet visitors, sign legal documents, attend| | | |as symbolic leader |ribbon cutting ceremonies, | | | | |host receptions, etc. | |   | | | | | |Leader |Direct and motivate subordinates, |Includes almost all interactions with | | | |select and train employees |subordinates | |   | | | | | |Liaison |Establish and maintain contacts within|Business correspondence, participation in | | | |and outside the organization |meetings with representatives | | | | |of other divisions or organizations.   | |   |   |   |   | | | | | | |Decisional |Entrepreneur |Identify new ideas and initiate |Implement innovations; Plan for the future | | | |improvement projects | | |   | | | | | |Disturbance Handler |Deals with disputes or problems and |Settle conflicts between subordinates; | | | |takes corrective action |Choose strategic alternatives; | | | | |  Overcome crisis situations | |   | | | | | |Resource Allocator |Decide where to apply resources |Draft and approve of plans, schedules, | | | | |budgets; Set priorities | |   | | | | | |Negotiator |Defends business interests |Participates in and directs negotiations | | | | |within team, department, and organization | In the real world, these roles overlap and a manager must learn to balance them in order to manage effectively. While a manager’s work can be analyzed by these individual roles, in practice they are intermixed and interdependent. According to Mintzberg: â€Å"The manager who only communicates or only conceives never gets anything done, while the manager who only ‘does’ ends up doing it all alone.†

INFLUENZA Essay -- essays research papers

INFLUENZA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A virus called an Orthomyxovirus causes influenza. Often called flu, sometimes-even grippe. It is a very contagious disease, and it infects many parts of our bodies. This also includes are lungs. A person can get influenza if someone coughs, sneezes, or even talks around you while they are infected. Influenza is sometimes considered serious in some cases but can be prevented and treated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you get the â€Å"flu† in the lungs, the lining of the respiratory tract is damaged by becoming swollen and inflamed. But the damage is not always permanent, and tissue heals within a couple of weeks. It is a respiratory disease, even though it infects the whole body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The victims’ symptoms usually are fever, chills, weakness, loss of appetite and body, head, back, arm, and leg ache. If you have the disease you may also suffer sore throat, a dry cough, nausea, and burning red eyes. Usually the victim will have nasal congestion and mucus discharge. The fever can reach to about 104*F but it only lasts about 2-3 days then it recedes. Occasionally in more severe cases there will also be gastrointestinal upset. In short, after all these horrible symptoms the patient still feels exhausted a series of days after the flu is gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Healthy people have nothing to worry about really when it comes to influenza. It is a moderately severe illness and people are usually back on...