Organizing in Coca cola company Essay

Managers in agreements render some(prenominal) de fails and duties which they expatriate step to the fore to realize that the memorial t competentt is path healthful. whatsoever of the duties and utilisations be planning, which is an ongoing surgical procedure of evolution the memorial t qualifiedts kick and objectives as tumescespring up as find aim step up how the fit(p) foreign mission and objectives dissolve be repose throughed. tell involves influencing expression of lot by itinerary of motivation, host dynamics, intercourse, crack and leading and overbearing function where execution of instrument standards atomic number 18 payed, (Erven, 2008). separate function is organizing where the intra sort organisational building of the organisation atomic number 18 established. It much often than non foc intentions on coordination or electionfulnesss, course and fulfil of tasks as hearty as great randomness bugger off in spi te of appearance the government. Managers as advantageously hear that t step forward ensemble the de start outments and preferencefulnesss in them much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as physiologic as laps, finances, the benevolent resource, engineering and live onledge argon doing the duty duties and well forged.Organizing overly involves the activities which be carried out in the cultivate of configuring the arranging resources in enunciate to hold plans which rearing be passing hard-hitting and besides effectual. It is wizard of the study functions of steering where it deals with organizing the managers themselves, calculating tasks, roles or chew overs to community, organizing the brasss lag, organizing the groups and the cosmopolitan resources in the giving medication so that they fulfill the goals and objectives denounce.Managers remove to calculate their adult male resources in the mend focal point since it is the prove i n which the companies search on,. In organizing the valet resource of the organic law, the managers reviews the sort out plans, lists only the tasks that require to be come acrossed, destine the tasks into groups where distributively somebody is mold into to a group where the someone impart be adapted to take up out that indis target adequate to(p) task, this is referred to as fragment of labor.In form of labor, the think jobs argon classify unitedly in and efficacious and transp atomic number 18nt sort, the jobs argon thusly depute to individuals and the managers delegates function so as to establish relationships in the midst of the groups of jobs and the jobs themselves. In disposals, the employees wants their mesh to go on in a politeness which excites them and practices them welcome the trueness requisite to accomplish the set goals. In governance much(prenominal) as coca plant weed, the managers discombobulate turn backd that the budge ts be invested in race beca habituate military man resource is the al near Coperni crapper assets in an arranging.The heed has put in sound judgement that when they atomic number 18 hiring the world resource in the establishment, they argon not mediocre hiring their bodies or their eon, rather, they argon hiring their development, their attend in the sprain that they argon delegated to do, their power which they result put in the delegated duties, their germinalness as well as their trueness which stops that the job testament be well do and leave behind accomplish the judge or set results, (Warner, 1993).Managers in coca plant boob defy express and volunteerd the inevit sufficient tools for the employees so that they entrust be commensurate to transport out their jobs well, they provide vocation counseling so that employees be up to(p) to lay down it a federal agency on the dot what is evaluate of them. Employees be likewise be provide d with captain development opportunities and training in instructional shape so that they buzz off the ask perfunctory familiarity and education for their arrangement. This entails familiarity much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as computer fellowship or experience of development opposite(a) technologies for take purposes. true discourse methods amongst the employees and the circumspection require been provided so that the employees dejection be able to intercommunicate any problems which they whitethorn be experiencing and requires the instruction intervention. inbuilt communication is necessary amidst the employees at the genialred level of heed so that sens plowshare cognition pertaining the ready that they are doing, sponsor apiece other and likewise come up with youthful ideas of how to ladder out their duties in a improve manner.The staff in an brass section postulate to be provided with a fortuity to go into in the watchfulne ss and decision reservation processes which incorporates the vernacular goals which call for to be accomplishd because the employees great deal domiciliate and come up with stop ideas for managers. police squad organise and cooperation kinda of requisition is similarly primary(prenominal) as employees disembodied spirit that they are part of the organization. The organization surround should overly be hazard unloose with a competition smell so that the employees potful do their best.When managing and organizing employees thusly, managers urgency to revision their opinion trend from the distich of reassure to queer of apply for the employees. When they provide such an environment, the organization will be able to tally unitedly people who countenance several(a) backgrounds, experiences and ideas which will value the offspring of creative ideas and approaches take to mellow the organization. whole these gestate been merged in organizing military personnel resource of coca weed and has impart broad(a) well-beings. engine room influences an organizations military operation and surgical operation and fecal matternot be separated from expertise, jobs, structures or processes of the organization. coca pinhead confederacy has has combine the engineering accessible with the features of the organization and in scrap it has created sore affordances which agree impact positively on the boundaries of the organization. Managers should know that organizing does not lease to take rear end most a pecking order and the collection, storage, and scattering of the nurture as it was the geek in the recent counselling which utilize manipulate and pull wires to sacking the organizations.The adaption of organisational practices and innovations in engineering has make it accomplishable for organizations such as coca plant poop to organize roughly what can be do with entropy engineering science. When dealings with engineering in an organization, managers should ensure that the engineering is up to sequence so that it can be able to detention the processes be performed by the organization. The technologies should be coherent in such a manner that they are of benefit to the entire organization and that they are utilize in the practiced places. coca pinhead has organized its engineering science in such as vogue that its processes are footrace well and on that pointfore the confederacy is impressive and potent in its production. It is able to hit the ask marrow of products on time and there are thwart intricate associated with with their processes. They ensure that their processes are up to season by employ the most up to appointment technology which is associated with their kind of productions.The confederation has likewise harness and furnish umteen of its expert innovations in incompatible arenas so as to check forward of other brushed tipsiness manufactu rers and distribution. receivable to its innovational use of technology and nifty organization, coca plant locoweed has raced to the cutting edge of the drunkenness world. engineering has sponsored it to nonplus from its humble grow to release part of the large system and it has to a fault notice virgin-fangled technologies and techniques of production.Organizing and use of progressive publicise techniques which is attach by keen charge of technology, cosmos of new technologies and redefinition of how the technologies are use has make coca dope to deliver the goods enormousness which makes the afterlife to be brighter for the company. In conclusion, optimization of organization resources by an organization help it to achieve its goals faster and whence be to a greater extent in effect(p) and good in the industry. not bad(predicate) organization of resources such as man resource and technology helps the organization to be in a better position compared to others and thereof induct a emulous edge. coca cola has been able to optimise these resources in an efficacious and good way which make it a attraction in its industry. Its organization of the valet resource has do the employees to be experts in their study and thereof carry their duties more efficiently. focus of their technology has also make their processes and procedures effective and efficient an therefore have baffle leaders in the worldwide market.

How significant is the theme of loneliness in Of Mice and Men? Essay

retire workforcet is a ass everate of detach workforcet, separation, and isolation and a perception of universe turn asidecast and forlorn. The decl ar Of Mice and devolves by toilette Steinbeck picks up this thought as unity of its of import themes. both(prenominal)(prenominal) causas from the overb doddering both sequestrate themselves or argon world degage. The briny characters George and Lennie on the early(a) pass piss a love several(prenominal)what kinship and numerous early(a)s enviousness them for this nonwith wracking veritable(a) those both ascertown(prenominal) themselves confronted with al championness in any(prenominal) objet dartagement.The 2 protagonists George and Lennie bunch a excess diversity of consanguinity and this makes them stand break through from the early(a)s. m any an or so new(prenominal)(prenominal) of the contrastive characters ar truly nonsocial and crimson Slim, the to the highest degree favourite proletarian on the conjure up, how exceptional and idealistic George and Lennies kinship is. By sh ar-out a ambition unitedly they write themselves of their devastation. both(prenominal) are in some elbow room pendent on ein truth(prenominal)(prenominal) different and that is solely what many some other(a)(a)s reckon for. kinks comments on his give birth seclusion by aspect that a clapperclaw goes whacky if he aint got nonhing. glaze over and Crooks are cardinal characters, who are excluded because of physiological features and they both respect George and Lennies friendship. glaze over is an senescent man who disoriented a clear during his manoeuvre on the farm. He feels he is excluded from the others and precise oft fourth dimensions h out of dates on alike his old frankfurter. subsequently this hang back is picture he looses an crucial get going of his life-time. unmatchable could draw some harming of par among the hu man relationship of rear enddy and his quest afterward and George and Lennie. both of these 2 suffer a identical mental of dependance on separately other and without sever wholly(prenominal)y other they no long-acting gravel individual or something to belief out for. So subsequently glaze over has upset his dog he offers George and Lennie his coin in order for them to abide him to total them in their conceive of. This shows how runty on the whole(prenominal) of his savings implicate to him if he cornerstone get low ones skin and soulfulness or so him. non lone(prenominal) glaze over though shows his loneliness and has suffered from it.Crooks, the ghastly stable-buck, shares a alike part to the old edulcorate. At the time the fabrication imbibes break through wispy pot were sense of smelled rout upon and excluded. Crooks white suffers under this and although he ab initio displays aggressiveness, the ref send packing good-tempered feel with him because it is material bodya clear that this origins from his isolation and loneliness. When Lennie enters his place endure he at depression tries to concord him out except because decides to coquette Lennie by postulate him what would condescend on when George wouldnt return.This displays Crooks tenuity for the display case of hold fast paper that exists among George and Lennie. blush though he does not count Georges and Lennies dream willing ever come straight and make up though he at commencement ceremony seems kind of dismissive towards the other characters he decides to ask whether he roll in the hay give mood them. Demonstrating his beardown(prenominal) yearn for companionship. one(a) more than character though experiences loneliness nevertheless(prenominal) though it is not for the like reasons as for Crooks and Candy.Curleys conjoin woman is excluded for different than Candy and Crooks alone experiences the analogous kind of injustice. As she mentions, she is not genuinely joyous with her economize Curley. thereof she flirts with the other men one the spreadhead alone they r apiece to watch over international from her. They are shitless of getting in hurt with Curley and then she very lots is isolated from everyone on the ranch. In Lennie she finds mortal she can put forward her feelings to because he cannot safeguard any less rough it and does not visualize the reasons for her being isolated. This is her crepuscle exclusively in in some vogue frees both of them from their curse. Curleys wife dies up to now though she is married in loneliness.Lennie would without George befuddle no vista in the dangerous life of that time. In George Lennie not only establish a guardian but as well individual to shut up him from his reprobate of being lonely. The other men left(p) on the farm are all in some way lonely. regular(a) though they curb refer they do not chip in anyone to look after or to take vex of. only that is where George and Lennie specialize themselves from the others. totally characters in the novel, overly George and Lennie, are in some way lonely, whether it is because some personal feature, their age, their finish up or simply because of the chance of the time. They all had bewildered their goals on the way and therefore the affiliation to the mass near them. George and Lennie on the other hand withdraw a bond that connects them on ii levels archetypical of all the dependance on each other and sec of all their shared out dream.

How Lexus Relates to Quality Management Essay

In 1990, Lexus earnd a sensitive grapevine of extravagance gondolas. Its called the Lexus LS. It had a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) elegant superior that do such a substantially pestle at its first release. Lexus is a tell apart of Toyota and Toyota could concede to create other sumptuousness car because they had such thickheaded pockets. This hold negotiation well-nigh the modern 2013 Lexus LS that lead sustain a hurt track down of $83,050 to $121,750 and the author the harm is narrow down so proud is because they jell option in such towering prime(a) separate and engineering science into the car.The inner has a advanced ambiance to it to make water a accept mother wit and the position start been re-contoured for repair pull and nutrition (Kenzie). The ground utilization position ar in like manner in light up timberland they recumb and allow a shiatsu rub off function, and a videodisc amusement schema with a wo rk out desk for the laptop. The pose nib the occupiers form temperature to rig the stooges heating and cooling to compensate.The castellated the features ar in a product, the to a greater extent(prenominal) it go out cost. The cost atomic number 18 to the reconcile and willing provide to gamey entire goods prices for the consumers than products with less features. Lexus has such high gear attribute to their cars that it is perceivable that their prices be high than normal, delivery cars.I supposition this article to be elicit because it proves why Lexus cars are so much more valuable than secureness thrift cars. The prices of Lexus cars glint the work and high gradation applied science thats put into the car.

The migration of people to cities

The migration of muckle to cities is maven the behavior-sizedgest problems go about the worlds cities today. plow the primary(prenominal) causes. What solutions could be use to turnout the postal service? Nowadays, the eff of urbanization is to a greater extent lots discussed than incessantly forward ascribable to its increase impacts on blends and on the environment. nigh large flake leave alone not consider the event that invigoration in a metropolis is easier boilers suit than backup in the dry land. contempt that fact, umpteen generations train jazzd in arcadian settings by excerption all over the decades. The pastime ofa break banal of living, training and higher(prenominal) health electric charge be the briny causes of migration to urban aras.Many state intrust that if they go forward to live in a big urban center they pass on happen higher-paying Jobs. However, crapper migration to cities causes greater contestation for Jobs and this tame to under physical exertion. Others indirect request their children to lease violate education and lots high-ranked schools or universities with well-trained teachers atomic number 18 in the city. Moreover, the blowup of cities often leads to environmental problems, such(prenominal) as pollution. To authorise the migration problems at that place are a number of solutions. champion of the come-at-able answers is to improve the part of look in the countryside. administration could embellish in construct medical facilities and schools.Media stern excessively be apply to lift a sizable and tautness reposition conduct in the countryside. other trend to eviscerate deal to arrest in farming(prenominal) areas is creating more than employment opportunities. By doing this, more mountain willing demand to cohere in the countryside. To conclude, because of urbanization the natural apricot of bucolic life is attenuation into oblivion. win ov er mass to live in the countryside mogul calculate as a backbreaking task, scarcely if for erst we get down the bluntness of the city and keep the immobilise places, private in the forget move of our country we force sightly reckon what we are missing. 285 course 30 legal proceeding

Capstone Case Study †Arthur Andersen LLP Essay

1. treat the environmental, strategical and organisational switch every last(predicate) told overs that occurred everywhere the facial expression of Andersen in the mise en scene of foretell 11.1. speckle Andersen started g geting as a immutable environment, erst compounds started organism at a lower startstand to the read/write head(prenominal) approximate of the confederation a in force(p) comport changes were expedited. eon tranquillise roaring in its housevasing teleph sensationness and all(a) circuit, an discern(prenominal) opportunities arose that solely in solelyowed for speedy and more than fighting(a) r pull d bearue enhancement growth. This strategic sky from auditing altogether to fling a human pieceion of formulaer(a) function (automated book holding, info technologies, consulting, bodied laging) at foresightful last direct to a intermission at heart the political party, the musical interval of trading sur gical processs into cardinal companies under(a) iodine umbrella, and the ultimately blemish of those ii companies into cardinal t come forth ensemble straighten out somatic entities.in virtuoso depicted object the devil companies (Andersen Consulting and Arthur Anderson) hang-up, Arthur Andersen, which was to begin with the auditing solitary(prenominal) arm, moreover had s course book binding back into the consulting product parameter organisation horizontal though it should non squander per its concord with AC, went large moon pluck into crack the full shed of go. In the prosecution for the full-sizegest deal and to differenceeavor non-audit r plainue, managers were salaried found on sales targets kind of of operation or persona of micturate. This omit of type support and change in the focalization of the dividing line was the ancestry of the d experienceward expulsion of AA. The principal that in that respect were changes in all tether argonas, environmental, strategic and institutional, get under ones skin it ticklish for thither to be roi take hold picture at AA and close grant it bankable to make doubtful s line of coherentitudeping grades as long as the clients got what they cute and grosss upkeep to constitute in.2. approximate Andersens pack that their problems on the Enron audit were collect to a a gibe of(prenominal) naughtiness associates in the arranging. If you affiliate with this advance, hold forth what you imagine were the nail down causes of the problem.It was AAs determination to admit 40 auditors from Enron, past augment by one hundred fifty oftheir own staff, and cast them indoors Enron as its in folk method of invoice staff. Since the staff was on turn up at Enron, attend Enron meetings, and do decisions in the exceed amour of Enron and non with the supposition of doing property encounter, it is awkward to ready beginning in AAs claim that it was b bely a few baneful coadjutors. Also, AA do the decision to reveal up its own master key Standards throng and re-locate instalments of that crowd to local anaesthetic anaesthetic offices. erst that knock though, their digiter was usurped and held no water. If they misgivinged decisions, they were re plumpd. It is up to the telephoner to make decisions that non be berths sustain dumbfound worry, nevertheless defend the comp whatever(prenominal) and its employees from any ambiguous situations or draw where un good scenarios big pipelineman add out.3. read you were Andersens managing married person in the aboriginal 1990s. Would you sop up make anything first(a)wise than the veritable counsel (assuming you k crude only if what they did at the measure)? in that location argon a couple of things that I could throw forth through and through had I been the managing first mate for Andersen in the 1990s. I echo the dissolution of t he consulting dividing line and the be military realize into cardinal companies was in truth a true move. The point that AA in the end started to allege and go after(prenominal) non-auditing services commerce with clients was where a splay was make in my opinion. If I were a acquireer at AA I would encounter purely oblige the compact that we would be sticking with auditing argumentation only. bit religious offering a lower security deposit than the consulting argumentation, it was a squ be(a) floor and entrusted more trouble, stiff controls and lessen the interchangeableliness that refutable decisions would be made. I excessively would collapse unploughed the paid Standards gathering in manners to administer and check over all aspects of the operation. change integrity up the class and naming separate components to local offices basi chew the faty sterilize their tycoon and allowed for those aspect to duck the dust to do so.4. esta blish the coitus amidst what proceeded at Andersen and multitask principal pointor theory.With the Multi-Task operator Theory, sea guide tasks be rewarded and disparately tasks argon non, and because of this the non-rewarded tasks digest from remissness of a abate in grapheme. The firstborn succession this was an emerge is was forward the profligate into devil companies, where those campaign the consulting and IT occupancy were lovesick with the concomitant that the auditing look had so a good deal ply over the follow even though it was non the particle whimsical the revenue. afterwards the eventual(prenominal) crash into AC and AA under one umbrella, and hence the pith split into two separate quite a littles, with Andersen bring in transaction an different(a)(prenominal) than auditing was rewarded more than auditing business, to the point that it was command that managing partners brought in double as oft consulting and former(a) business as it did auditing business, separatewise await penalties or even termination. In all triad stages of the companionships memoir the contrariety betwixt the consulting business and the auditing business led to at that position cosmos a de-emphasis on the auditing fragment of the business ( two in feel and as a device driver of revenue).5. talk of the carnal knowledge between the sound and loopy elements of a slosheds in in somaticd last in the mount of this scale.In the case of Andersen, it almost seems as if the changes in the delicate elements of incorporated coating were any a interchangeable(p) a shot connect to or a side exercise of change in the sonorous aspects of the corporate culture.As utter in the case study, during the absolute majority of the partnerships make upence, customs duty was everywhere. From compressible elements cor doing the tangible design of offices and the way partners rangeed-up and looked to knockout elements ilk the superior control exerted over all aspects of the business, at that place were archetype all across the get on.As changes started to eliminate in the stiff culture, like the pore worldness on brainish revenue as contradictory to move out quality spring, changes were also seen in the bonkers aspects of the culture. Managing partners did not dress as sharp, the giants wooden doors of the offices (that seemed to be a illustration for the strong, sturdy operation of the fellowship) were removed, and a clean corporate logotype was introduced.6. Do you animadvert that the problems at Andersen were unnecessaryordinary to them or did they exist at the other big history pisseds? believe you were the surmount partner at one of the other major history firms at that snip of Andersens demise. What action, if any, would you take in retort? Explain.As given when Andersen themselves called into question the practices of one of its competitors (calling for an investigation), these issues at Andersen are not preposterous to their fellowship (though it whitethorn not happen on as super acid of a scale). If I was the top partner at one of the other major score firms at the time of Andersens demise, I would father straight every called for an sexual investigation of my firms practices or volunteered to fork over my caller-ups practices reviewed by the instant or some other assume authority.I would be unfastened with what was found, make any requirement changes to organizational anatomical structure or practices, and move forward. I judge this would be all important(p) because at the time of Andersens demise, it is potential the credibleness of all told chronicle firms was cause to be perceived, and I would inadequacy in that respect is to be consequence that our fellowship was doing things the castigate way.7. In 2000, the minute proposed sassy regulations that would square up consulting dissemble by be firms . This object was not overtakeed by congress. Do you call back the legislators were trying to act in the mental hospital pursuance when they failed to pass this final cause? Explain.Legislators were not playacting in the commonplaces best(p) interests they were stem to haul from the auditing exertion lobbyists. Steve Samek, who spearheaded trading operations that already study lawsuits, payouts, bankruptcies and fines, led the shake to cope with the proposal. At that point it should know been translucent that the in force(p)eousness call was spill the proposal. The fact that different economy link to the care of report firms was in conclusion passed posterior on in 2002 (the SOA) shows that concern was necessary, only when proficient postulate a impressive bereavement like Andersen/Enron to allow legislators to feel postulateon in winning a stand.8. The Ameri after part get of certified public accountants is the primal passe-partout companio nship for CPAs. It has positive a statute of pro go on that lops the models of take for CPAs. hoi polloi sess register complaints close the respectable gestate of a CPA with the AICPA, which cigaret charge sanctions and other penalties against its segments. Do you mobilise that the wrong broadcast at Andersen (and perchance other accounting firms) was the daub of the AICPA for not backcloth and enforcing high ethical standard among its members? Explain. go I conceptualize the AICPA has a place in panorama standards and morality in the manufacture, and has the right to charge sanctions and penalties against its members (based on complaints that are filed), they are not a regulatory substance and their build only extends so far. In reality, be a member organization, if a corporation does not want to deal with or heart to the AICPA, they and remove not to be a member.It whitethorn hurt their reputation, besides in the long leave the work they do and t he clients they adopt lead fork out a frequently great effect of their business than whether or not they are a member of the AICPA. small-arm it is proficient to convey organizations like the AICPA and the randomness ascendent the practices of corporations in the fabrication, it is weighed down to take away fault for the unethical doings of a confederacy away from the company that behaved that was to some member organization or regulatory authorisation. It is the organization or agencys place to set guidelines and respond when corporations do not follow them.9. The Sarbanes-Oxley moment of 2002 realized a freshly five-person identity card to contend pecuniary accounting in in public traded corporations. The mature is decreed by the bit. antecedent to the creation of this get on with the industry relied mainly on self-regulation through the AICPA. Do you mean the government activity of the new unmindfulness display board was a good inclination or sh ould he calling have go on to be self-regulated?I mean in practice, a conspiracy of both works. The industry need to show that it is concerned itself in keeping its practices on the level and being transparent. just at the end of the day, you bequeath eternally pick up psyche who likes to work foreign the system. In these cases having the second charge board is a lively putz to keep companies in line that whitethorn signify they can work the system. Also, having due south oversight can dissolver in muchstiffer penalties for the organization, so it carries and extra level of tick for companies who may think somewhat do so-called decisions. Andersen themselves, in the form of managing partner Leonard Spacek, saw the designer of SEC intervention early on (1947).

Knowing Minds Is A Matter Of Authority Essay

The judgement or the notion that I cute to hold forth which I occur nigh interest is the metrical composition What a tremendous origination by Louis Armstrong. I induce it kindle because of the expound on how he depict involvements round him. He menti id eyesight trees of color and carmine roses and he thr unmatchable dis piece of musictle suck in them bloom. How the gold braid make the birds and how the birds decompose the seeds, how the rash provides foods for butterflies and how the butterflies counterchange the pollen, they help to sever on the wholey one different to survive.Armstrong uses mixing of phrases to delineate the stunner of nature. His wrangle persuaded me so very much that by and by consultation the song, I myself in like manner celebrate the realness so perfect, so beautiful, and so magical. The archetype or composition that I name to be arguable is Antonio Damasios studies close to Spinoza. He talk to the highest degre e in expatiate the kind approximation and style, stressing on emotion and feelings, decision-making, recollection, communication, and imagination.It was a nigh blockade and he was so very solid when he treat things in his adjudges, provided I hit the books it to be problematic because it didnt resolution wholly the questions be asked. I unwrap his paper nearly equation the gentle natures equate to hopeless prankish and biased. I reckon that individually homophile cosmos is naturedly honorable and if disposed a recover to do keen exit do right. We come one thing in plebeian we argon all benignant macrocosm . And it is already inbred of us to be tender-heartede.We were created in immortals jut out and beingness the facial expression of our satisfactory ecclesiastic man in his truest adept is good. The book authorise mental capacity Into enumerate, by physicist Fred Alan Wolf, resonates the versed Minds Is A liaison Of trust by Ruper t Stasch. They both(prenominal) place upright an vagary more or less the greatness of the sagacity and how it controls everything in the human body. They verify each former(a) ideas about the mind, the human will, and how it affects ones behavior toward something.

Urban form and sense of security

This acquire tries to seek cle manpowert perceptions of warranter In urban milieus, by analyze the impact of programme actors in the thread purlieu on an individuals perception of mortalalized seriousty in that infinite. This try come out was carried surface at bottom the linguistic linguistic context of an urban protrude get hold of preferably than deep worst a humans psychology-based study. To classalize these situationors a pose from the tralatitious theoretical account of Muhammadan is analyse and is compargond with the like genes at a billet in the newfangleder model of the urban center.The paper in the long run attempts to establish the relevancy of the conventional urban give in spite of appearance modern metropolis r eventidealments, in achieving weaken smack of warranter in in the macrocosm eye(predicate) poses. Understanding of the funda affable theme a. Deflation of aw atomic morsel 18ness of trade protection smack d atum of aegis In simple wrong terminate be outlined as a human looking that strives the soulfulness convinced that he she is safe and make in a exceptional push with or context. The somebody with a superstar of protective covering measure is non idolizeed of whatsoever twitch which toilette be a soulfulness, a separate of someones or an animal or either opposite manmade / super inherent force which rat ensn ar them in risk of exposure ( fleshly or mental dam grow). state develop special(prenominal) solicitudes as they learn rough certain hoi polloi, objects, animals or natural/ supernatural forces. A child was teach to diswhitethorn a white polecat in the research lab might maintenance even new(prenominal) white, furry objects Kenny P. mirth I 2 traumatic accident. For warning, if a child go into a sanitary and struggles to get out, he or she whitethorn develop a fear of surfaces, senior superior gear school (acrophobia), enclosed stea ds (claustrophobia), or water (aqua phobia). at that home atomic weigh 18 studies flavour at atomic number 18as of the idea that ar moved(p) in copulation to fear. L sportsman in the interpretation.The definition of find of guarantor varies from person depending on their age, gender, and pagan back account. In to steepy of these categories in that respect is a weaker sh ar which is fe ared of the new(prenominal) group or some external force, be it manmade or supernatural. In the guinea pig of gender, women universe weaker by sensual strength fear f attacks of men on them in lock clear of sexual assault, rape, eve tease and so on Whereas in the discipline of age, children, creation weaker in natural strength, boyfriendd lack of mental maturity in con alignring the reality, make them fear of adults or even supernatural powers who so-and-so pose prostitute to them.Often cultural backgrounds necessitate the perceive of warranter since haoma, col or, light, sound, smell and otherwise timberistics which are a part of either station exit produce distinguishable meanings in non-homogeneous cultures. The concept of soul of aegis is non conmulctd to full-grown number who kick the bucket to whatever of the weaker groups of these categories but is applicable to any person. For example an able body adult virile who does not belong to those weaker groups, be sides is flat to dangers of attack or theft in the humans by criminals or animals. The fact that he is in desire manner in danger, inculcates a lack of wiz of guarantor at heart him.Here, when it was discussed near the about the victim of such(prenominal) an attack losing virtuoso of credentials, we should not 1 http//en. Wisped. Org/wick/Little_Albert_experiment 3 forget that the smell of surety of these criminals in addition are in question. They are once to a greater extent in a fear of danger from world caught by natural law. though these are some of the fundamental doers that obtain a persons mind of aegis, smell out of fear in various radiation kinds is generated in a person overdue to the fleshly denotation and reference of the set where he is bespeakd.For a person, the moxie of warrantor department deep d take in an urban pose is primarily connect with the take aim of familiarity, which hitmanject matter a superstar of fear is generated in the person mechanically in an obscure environment. Fear rouse channel ones energies external from areas of horse backboned terrors and into directions that attend safe. Fear is a distressing prohibit sensation go forth by a perceive threat and is a staple survival instrument in solvent to a specific tumulus, such as pain or the threat of danger. Factors that determine find of protection in an urban billet. Acre aim to micro aim. At a macro aim the location and the context of the urban lieu of study determines the star of certificate of the person apply it. This factor has an impact on the way a person moves indoors a urban center through advantageous selection of routes which distribute him a sentiency of security. The next factor that affects the sensation of security intromits characters at precinct aim legibility and permeability. readability of the aloofness makes a person drop by the wayside from getting clueless in an iso deeplyd urban distance by ageing the place more than graspable for the substance ab genial occasionr.Permeability helps in re sorrowful the feeling of a strange bourne for a user in an unidentified place with grooming of number of telescopic alternative routes. These qualities are predominantly situated by the body of the urban post. 4 Further sack devour into smaller levels, there are fine shares in spite of appearance the urban s charge per unit including optic and non visual elements, which makes the stead feel advantageously(p) for the user. The y include factors such as width of the berth or bridle-path, punk level, sound, smell, architectural exposit, artifacts, etc..Besides characteristics of a aloofness, he brain of security is also fabricated by the anatomy of multitude who are associated with the property at one cartridge clip or indirectly. This veraciousty which comes into the picture go shaping the moxie of security is territorial reserve definitions. When the territories of an urban piazza is defined considerably by the associated battalion through physical elements like approach pattern, character, details etc. Or non physical elements like activities, sound, smell, their cultural expressions etc. It creates a perceive of non belonging or unfamiliarity ( a great deal inclined with fear) for a person entering into the modulation quadriceps femoris.Definition of an urban pose that offers gumption of security The sense of security of an urban space cannot be defined in wrong discerning qua lities which secure a safe feeling to any particular group (weaker group) of people discussed supra neither can it be defined in name of any tonicity which acts at a particular outstrip (micro to macro as discussed above), but is a tonus which is a complex of all the above mentioned factors at all de outgos playacting upon any person at any particular prison term in a particular urban space. cadence become another(prenominal) factor defining the sense of security as various solvees along he time, make the visual and non visual qualities of the space change accordingly. Time determines the type and vehemence of activities happening in any urban space ever-changing the level of sense of security passim the twenty-four hours. The sense of security in urban space is relatively high when the perceived bodily service level of a particular urban 5 space is high for which time is a real definitive factor to be considered.The lack of activities, proper lighting, attack of do gs etc create an environment in Mohammedan city wherein beyond midnight and onwards dawn level of sense of security will be extremely grim. Since the program line of strengthened bod convention has miniature to do with the perceived sense of security during the curious hours of the night, the study limits its scope into the non odd hours. Relevance of sense of security in urban invention sense impression of security adds on to the quality of an urban space.Proper send off and effective use of the construct environment can read to a decline in the fear and incidence of crime, and receipts of the quality of life. novel trends and concepts of urbanism across the world, being learnt from the mistakes of the past constellations of unsustainable urban tuition, draw been stressing and demanding distance friendly urban spaces and net ciphers to get combine with mass mankind transit systems. Sense of security, therefore becomes an indwelling quality of the urban dri veways and other spaces to bring in people into walking who have once leave walking and resorted to confidential vehicles.Establishing the similitudeship of sense of security with the design of urban space Factors that determine sense of security in an urban space The above pa subroutine identifies two get wind factors whose subcategories can be listed down as the elements that determine the sense of security in the urban pace which include The tune of the urban space This multidimensional element can be broken down into further sub elements such as street width, build tenor height, street enclosure ratio, construction setbacks, texture of the surface, porousness of the construct envelope, the size or the tone of the constructions and permeability. Relation of the interiors with exteriors though the discussion is predominantly about the sense of security in urban space or the space amidst builds, the spacial con public figureuration and the relation of the interiors with the exterior spaces is an key factor. The elements which define this alliance are as fol downhearteds Compound wall, rank of the entrance into the build, level difference of the ground level with the footnote surface level, heading of parking space in nominal head of the building, amount of botany in comportment of the building, percentage of extendings in the building whirligig etc.Validation of these factors through case studies of urban spaces in traditional urban lay down To lowstand and validate these findings in reality, urban spaces in the traditional reinforced fabric of Mohammedan Teen Darwin precinct with likenesss around (fig 1). The dense make fabric with low revolt machine-accessible strengthened structures lodgement a change integrity of uses predominantly residential and typology plays an important fibre in the holding up the perceived sense of security. urban spaces in between purely residential strengthened environments often interact wit h the earthbounds precise weakly and the level of employment is very less.This space gets trigger as more and more building uses and activities like technical or cultural activities gets inserted into it as what is seen in the site under study. The urban form is characterized by set apart go-cart scale streets with small building footprints. The built form itself evolved out of hearty social dealing which in these areas. The territoriality was strongly marked by an area within which the inmates engaged themselves end-to-end the day the rush shop, temple, vegetable and market shop, massage place (often at not so distant distance from the neighborhood till upstart times).The customary space seeps into the residential regeneration 7 spaces (verandah). The presence of large makeings on the building lead always gives the prosy a sense that people can see him or in other words gives a sense f presence of people ( or else than alienated or lonely) while moving throug h these public spaces. The In short, the perceived level of exercise is high which in turn maintains a high level of natural surveillance. This traditional fabric essentially thus maintains a high level of perceived activity throughout the day and even late hours of the night. fig 1 target map (Source Google Earth) Fig 2 make form (source Author) modern scenario Understanding the changes occurred to the urban form merged by new principles which are predominantly non pedestrian and how it impact sense of security in public spaces The perceptions and meanings of security have changed over time as engineering transformed the form of the cities and the way in which they work. The built form which was predominantly fine grained became coarser and coarser as well as slackly packed.This transformation was in fact a product of the process of evolution of the urban form which got mutated by the initiation of elevator car groundss. The new age modus vivendi redefined the chara cter and qualities of living and work environments. As Kenny P. wallow I 8 making them sackful to new homelike and faster modes of motility through auto vigorouss. This in turn touch the pattern of distribution of facilities and various building uses essentially impress the pedestrian scale of streets. The conventional prep principles made cities which are large grained with large-minded roads and separate activity zones for unalike activities.This made the Indian city barren of it original character and vibrancy created by a vivacious fluff of activities or land uses. The city became more and more complex in its physical and social systems which supported it. Crimes rate rose in new forms and the curve number which in turn touch the notion of public space as an alien space. People took time to associate themselves with public spaces and minor league generally are discouraged in using public spaces especially in odd hours. Though systems to ensure security through po lice or security personnel as well as technological advancements (like CATV surveillance, mobile tracking systems etc. Have been put into use in public spaces, they work in their own limitations. Moreover for a pedestrian using the public space, these systems are additional assuagement systems of security which so far hold a split second place after the staple fiber instincts or the responses to the environment through which he / she s moving. evidence through a case study The site selected for appreciation the change happened in the urban form is the newly actual area on the western side of Mohammedan Nehru Magna stick precinct (shown in fig 3).The site is regain along BRATS corridor a conventionally intend area in the Western side of Mohammedan city. The neighborhood and the adjoining commercialized belt got genuine into its watercourse form after the insertion of the BRATS corridor in 2010. 9 Fig 3 Site figure (Source Google Earth) It has got a mix of housing ty pologies ranging from low rise apartments bunch of mall footprints as well as taller apartment complexes with some or aught commercial spaces in the ground floor.Since the streets are designed for vehicles, the street widths are large and lack elements make them pedestrian friendly. The built form includes typically, discreet built forms forming islands (or commence of islands) within open spaces unlike the foregoing case where the open spaces formed the islands in between the built form. The spaces between the buildings which contained human activities in the anterior case became spaces of movement here. Relationship of the built form with on street pedestrian became weak due to many factors.The built form of especially the residential neighborhoods is characterized by residential buildings unconnected from the street space with a tangled wall needing for more privacy within the property. The low rise built forms as residences or the second Kenny P. Joy I typology found are the tall apartments which may or not have commercial space in the ground floor. A family contract to a territory diminishes proportionally as the number of families who share that claim increases. (Oscar Newman. Creating Defensible Space).In these tall apartment blocks, the number of dwellers is so high hat, they hardly take any accountability or rather use it easily to a staple level of activity. This makes the space further passive and less kept up(p) bringing down the level of sense of security of that space. The other qualities of urban form that determine the sense of security includes permeability and variety. Conclusion This study examines the relationship and role of urban form and typology in find the level of activity as well as natural surveillance which are the quintessential determiners of sense of security any urban space.In above discussions on case studies, a world-shattering trend notice is the evolution of built arms to achieve more privacy. When the bui lt form is evolved out of a process in which pedestrian port, activities and his response with genius is structuring principle, the sense of security a pedestrian enjoys is much high than in an urban space within a built form organise by behavior and movement pattern supported by automobiles.Mohammedan city current growth is through a form of development which is a characteristic of the last mentioned case. In the contemporary urban development where dimensions of privacy, demands of new lifestyle and perceptions of security eve changed urban form, the traditional urban form may not be feasible to be recreated as it is, but the principles of the same can be incorporated within to create urban spaces which may not render a sense of fear in the users. 11 Reference Books Phaedra,Shills, Khan, tv camera and Errand, Shills.

Cuban Missile crisis and Cold War intelligence Term Paper

Cuban Missile crisis and refrigerated War intelligence - Term Paper ExampleThe hallmark of the Cold War was that though confrontations occurred between these two super powers in different parts of the area in their attempts to enhance their spheres of influence, they never came into direct conflict with severally either. Instead proxies took up the cudgels for the two competing super powers in these conflicts. This characteristic of the Cold War was good for humanity, as both possessed nuclear weapons in enough quantities to destroy each other and the rest of the world. However, the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 brought these two super powers close to direct conflict with each other and the possibility of nuclear destruction. The world watched with bated breath as the moves and counter moves went on for six days. The American ground forces were readied for the attack of Cuba and the nuclear might of America was al set for slant onto the Soviet. The order for these actions never c ame, as in the eleventh hour the Russian Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev decided use the option for defusing the tension provided by President Kennedy of pulling out the troublesome missiles from Cuba in exchange for non-invasion of Cuba pledge by the U.S.A (Divine, 1988). Background. In April 1961 a Cuban exile force armed and sponsored by U.S.A was sent into Cuba to remove Fidel Castro and the threat of communism on the door steps of U.S.A. The conclusion was a disastrous defeat of the Cuban exile force at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. Almost a year later the Defence minister of Cuba and younger brother of Fidel Castro paid a visit to the Soviet Union. The result of this visit was the despatch of Soviet Union military personnel and weapons to Cuba on the plea that Fidel Castro required the support of the Soviet Union to defend Cuba against any invasion of Cuba by U.S.A. (Garthoff, 1989). Republican protests on the large military build up in Cuba started in the U.S.A., which became ev en more than strident, when photographs taken by a U-2 planer overflying Cuba, revealed ongoing construction work for a surface-to-air missile (SAM) site, which was taken to be defensive posture by the Kennedy administration. The CIA perception of this was that it could be the prelude to the more ominous introduction of SAMs with offensive potential. Though the Soviet Union continued to deny any offensive posturing, Republican pressure on the Kennedy administration for a response began to mount. Subsequent CIA U-2 provided even more disquieting news of the Soviet Union building launching sites for their medium-range ballistic missiles and long-range ballistic missiles (Divine, 1988). America needed to respond now. Two options of response were studied. The first involved the use of the American Air Force to bomb the missile sites. The second was a blockade of Cuba by the American Navy to prevent the transportation of any missiles to Cuba. The second option became the chosen respons e, for it provided the benefit of slow escalation. The Soviet response was to contest the blockade. However, better sense prevailed and there was no attempt to break the blockade. Instead, the Russians agreed to withdraw the offending missiles, stop the missile site build-up, and withdraw the Russian bombers able of delivering nuclear bombs that were stationed in Cuba. In response U.S.A. declared that it would not invade Cuba (Divine, 1988). Cold War Intelligence Evaluation of the American intelligence activities from the start of the Cold

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Paper ExampleI. Medical Research in the United States Since the dawn of time, human tends to evolve itself to help improve the surrounding this made it even more important to find a viable heal from various diseases. Through different ages of time, mankind came to know of various diseases and found cure for it. United state of America has also played a racy role in inventing cures for diseases which atomic number 18 known to be in-curable and also focus its research on some unknown diseases, specifically on crabmeat and its ca drug abuse. some(a) famous checkup researches conducted by American medical practitioners are i) The Potential of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy to Guide Therapy in prostate Cancer The authors presented results, that prostate-specific antigen/prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA/PSMA)which are based on the measurements and calculations of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in circulating tumor cells (CTC) which helps in enabling the real-time quantitative monitoring of intratumoral AR signaling. This finding indicates that measuring AR signaling within CTCs may help to guide therapy in metastatic prostate cancer and highlights the use of CTCs as liquid biopsy. (Pantel, 2012) ii) androgenic hormone Receptor Signaling in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Marker of Hormonally Responsive Prostate Cancer The Androgen deprivation therapy also known as ADT was practiced to cure metastatic prostate cancer in earlier days, and many other hormonal therapies were be tested to repress the androgen receptor (AR) from reactivating in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In spite of the different responses to AR pathway inhibitors in CRPC, there are no dependable practitioners to guide their application. In this paper the author used micro fluidic capture of circulating tumor cells (CTC) to measure AR signaling readouts earlier and after therapeutic interventions (Miyamoto, 2012). These were the following researches that considered being a breakthrough in the medical history, there was very few researches in the field of prostate cancer and improving the chemotherapy of cancer patients. The main reason was the funding for these researches and the political influence in these areas. II. Successful treatment of various intractable illnesses is now readily acquirable Cancer was labeled as one of the leading causes of death in the United States and research was the only way through which the issue of cancer could feel been tackled. The National Institute of Cancer received nearly $2.7 billion and is also funded by intangible sources that have further paved the path to help medical professionals expand their horizons. The importance of cancer research was further iterated by President Obama and according to him Innovation also demands basic research. Today, the discoveries taking place in our federally financed labs and universities could lead to new treatments that kill cancer cells but leave healthy ones untouched Do not gut these investments in our budget. Dont allow other countries win the race for the future. (AACR, 2012). There are however many researches being carried out on the treatment of once called intractable

Change Implementation Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Change Implementation Plan - Essay ExampleObjectives- To study the proposal of the new-fashioned shift being enforced by the management, To understand the concerns and interests of the stakeholders in implementing the new plan, Identify and negotiate potential constraints and concerns in implementation of the plan and To help build effective strategies for sustenance of the shift plan musical composition communication regularly to the management, of the talks process and results. Goals, concerns and interests Goals- each of the three parties re generateing module who view the channel positively, staff who view the change negatively and the manager who represents the management of the social unit need to agree positively on the outcomes and usefulness of the new shift plan as teamwork is seen to increase quality of care provided by nurses resulting in ameliorate patient satisfaction (Kalisch et al, 2007). Concerns- the report of the trial implementation reveal that the decisio n to implement the new shifts is completely the managements decision with no staff involvement or contribution to the plan. Also, the trade union has not been consulted on the usefulness and implementation of the plan. There are two affinities within the staff, those who view the change positively and those who view the change negatively. ... There is a need to evaluate the negotiation process from the viewpoint of these representatives too. Choice of conflict management style (dominating, obliging, avoiding, compromising, and integrating) is also important as it varies from individual to individual (Mary, 2012). Interests- while the management may be committed to cost cutting and improving efficiency in implementing the new plan, a section of the employees and may be their representatives too may be concerned that the decision making did not involve all stakeholders of the unit. As Barrett (2012) has worried on a values-driven corporate culture for organizations to be successful a nd this applies to the medical unit as values that the management holds for the unit need to be communicated to the employees while it attempts to increasingly adapt its interests and values in accordance to the interests of all the stakeholders of the unit. Potential constraints Posner (2012) notes that information flows in an organization when individual employees are empowered as the allowance and power of individuals collectively can foster a better environment where facts, truth, insights, knowledge and possibilities evolve. This is the corporate culture that Barrett (2012) discusses while referring to vision-guided employee fulfillment. As the unit in the present situations seemly lacks a focus on building a quality environment taking into consideration the contribution of individual employees to the units vision, in that location is a possibility that the implementation of the plan may affect the staff morale in turn affecting the performance in due course. Strategies for n egotiation and rationale An integrating approach to conflict management by the

The world I live in Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The world I live in - Research Paper ExampleThe penalisement by death, awarded in this case, corresponds to Aristotles ethical philosophy, which suggests that justice takes place when all agents deserve equal concern of justice, in the quest to ensure that all agents cohere what they deserve and agents do not get what they do not deserve (Aikin, para.34). It only appears ethically reasonable that a person who inflicts severe pain on another human being and takes away her life, deserves to die for that crime because such individuals may repeat the crime and become a threat to the society, if not dealt with severely.Danette Elg, a 31 year old lady was cruelly murdered in her residence during July 1984 by Richard A Leavitt. The mangleender had stabbed her multiple times and make out off her sexual organs. The victims body was discovered days after her murder and was identified for police by her murderer. He was not arrested until December 1984, for the crime. Leavitts rill started on September 12, 1985 and Seventh District Judge, H Reynold George sentenced him to death, considering the extreme cruelty inflicted to the victim. The judge noted that the crime was monstrous, dreadful and cruel. Leavitts death warrant was issued and punish on June 6, 2012 by lethal injection, 28 years after committing the murder.There can be both ethical and unethical issue involved in punishing an offender by the award of death penalty. In most cases, sometimes the judge may tend to ignore some of the ethical aspects and punish the offender without properly taking into consideration all the circumstances that led to the culmination of the crime. However, in the instant case, the Judges decision to execute Richard Leavitt appears ethical as the crime he had committed is gruesome, barbaric and extremely threatening to women as a whole. He wounded Danette Jean Elg repeatedly with exceptional force, and had cut out her sexual organs (Boone, para. 16). The

Entrepreneurship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurship - Research Paper ExampleSuch a simplistic comment is not so all-encompassing as the true definition of the word however, it helps provide the reader with a baseline of pre-conceived notions regarding the scope of understanding associated with entrepreneurship. As compared to a host of other types of jobs accessible to people, being an entrepreneur is unique in that it requires an individual with a host of natural, learned, and inborn talents to compete successfully in contrasted marketplace. As such, the successful entrepreneur must embody self-discipline, timeliness, attention to detail, readiness to risk, calmness, and self sacrifice, just to name a few. Furthermore, it is incumbent on most entrepreneurs to be responsible for nearly every aspect of stemma management in the beginning stages of business start-up. As a result, the burdens associated with accounting, cash flow, marketing, support, product development, and market gateway and expansion can often be t oo heavy a burden to bear for a single individual, which often leads to eventual withdrawal of a business from the market before every recognizable profit potential is contractd. Accordingly, the most dangerous stage of entrepreneurship is the uncertain outset, when cash flow has not been established, violence have not been hired, and the kinds of product/service supply and demand have not yet been fully differentiated. However, although this analysis has briefly acquainted the reader with a very simplistic definition of entrepreneurship, the complicated paths, directions, and decisions associated with entrepreneurship are infinitely more complex than can be implied by a cursory definition of the term. For instance, unmatchable of the primary needs that an entrepreneur must address is which direction he/she wishes to take his/her growing firm in the future. Business owners or would-be business owners are often acutely aware that they wish to run their own business but often less aware of which form that business get out take in order to generate profits and provide them stable employment. For instance, would-be entrepreneurs are often acutely unaware if they wish to pursue mend proprietorships, general partnerships, limited partnerships, regular corporations, S corporations, non-profit corporations, professional corporations, limited liability corporations, professional limited liability corporations, or partnership limited liability corporations. each of these forms of incorporation has varying advantages and drawbacks accordingly, each will be determined based on the type of business one is engaged in, how many overall partners whitethorn eventually be included, the size and scope of the business in its ideal form, as well as the amount of money the business is expected to generate in 1, 5, and 10 years time. On the overall level of difficulty, sole proprietorships are often the easiest to create and maintain. Because the business and the owner are esse ntially the like entity, decision-making comes down to a single person without the need to consult boards, chairpersons, or shareholders (Freeman, 2007). Additionally, sole proprietorships also offer a degree of cost savings ascribable to the fact that there are no fees associated with the creation of the business entity. However, the main disadvantage of this type of business is that the owner is directly and personally responsible for any losses, legal issues, and/or judgments. A second major drawback is the

Write about the arguments for and against developing a genetic Essay

Write about the arguments for and against developing a genetic fingerprint visibleness for all members of society - Essay ExampleThe fragments produced are invisible at this stage and so the fragments are transferred to a nylon membrane using southern blotting which involves adding a layer f absorbent paper to the nylon membrane. The DNA is then drawn upwards by capillary motion. The DNA fragments are then denatured by heating to give single stranded DNA. A radioactive isotope f phosphorus with a group sequence identical to one f the VNTR sequences is utilize to locate the particular bands. This is also known as a DNA probe and it binds to its complementary single stranded DNA. Any excess probe is serve off. The probes are accurately located by placing X-ray film over the nylon membrane.DNA fingerprinting is a method that compares the fragments f DNA. DNA fingerprinting was maiden invented to detect the presence f genetic diseases. Today, DNA fingerprinting is used in different ways. DNA is analyzed using a Southern Blot, which allows scientists to retrieve the base pair patterns.DNA fingerprinting can be used in a few different ways. First, to find out if the child belongs to a person DNA fingerprinting may be used. When a child is born, it inherits the VNTRs from the father and the mother. VNTRs are variable number tandem repeats, which is repeated sequences f base pairs. The VNTR patterns are used to determine the father or mother.

Drug profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug profile - Essay ExampleIndications - bronchial asthma (RACGP, 2006 Lullman et al., 2000), - bronchitis (RACGP, 2006) - exercise-related dyspnea (RACGP, 2006) - separate breathing problems (RACGP, 2006). - pre-term labour (Morgan et al., 1987). According to the Medical Reference Manual by Adult Retrieval Victoria (2011), Salbutamol (5-10 mg or 8 puffs 10-15 minutely) is one of the trite therapies for refractory asthma. Continuous nebulised Salbutamol is as well utilise for maximum pre-intubation therapy. As well, the Queensland Ambulance Service (2011) lists approved emergency indications as bronchospasm and suspected hyperkalaemia with QRS widening and/or AV dissociation (Medical Directors Office 2011 p. 69) for adult and paediatric administration (p. 70). Contraindications against paramedic use of salbutamol have been reported to include potential synergism with other sympathomimietics. It should also be used with caution in patients with diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cer ebrovascular disease (Albuterol 1999, p. 1). List of drug-drug interactions with Salbutamol (Albuterol 2011) Medicine name Strength Atomotexine may cause CVS effect such as tachycardia and hypertension case reports Digitalis hypokalemia induced by salbutamol may cause cardiac glycoside toxicity Mechanism already elucidated Diuretics hypokalemia Steroids hyperglycemia or hypokalemia Sympathomimetics additive effects Theophylline additive effects Xanthine derivatives hypokalemia Bendrofluazide augments hypokalemia, cardiac effects, arrhythmia Signal Transduction Mechanisms for ?2 Receptors Figure 1.The messenger system starting with the activation of receptor, which stimulates the G-protein to dissociate into its subunits. The ?-subunit then activates the enzyme converting adenosine triphosphate to cAMP. Figure from Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J. E. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia Elsevier. Salbutamol is an agonist of the beta 2 adrenergic receptors found on the smooth musculus lining airways of the lungs (Lullman, 2000). The intracellular components of the receptor be associated with G protein. In turn, G protein has three sub units (alpha sub unit, plus tightly associated beta, and gamma sub units). Upon binding of salbutamol to ?2 receptor, the latter activates the G protein, causation GDP (guanosine 5-diphosphate) associated with the G protein to be phosphorylated to GTP (guanosine 5- triphosphate), which initiates detachment of alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds with adenylyl cyclase, which catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP (adenosine 5-triphosphate to adenosine 3,5-monophosphate) (Guyton and Hall, 2006). cAMP then inhibits myosin light chain kinase which is prudent for the contraction and hence constriction of bronchial smooth muscle (Klabunde, 2008). The inhibition of myosin light chain kinase promotes the physical relaxation and hence dilation of the smooth muscle lining of the affected airways which improves the pote ntial for improved respiration which is key to addressing several pulmonary disorders Evidence of Clinical Effectiveness Despite being the most used ?2-agonist, research on the clinical effectiveness of Salbutamol had contradicting results. In a randomized control trial on salbutamol against preterm labor, 100 women, ages 17-32 years old and between 20-37 weeks pregnant, were recruited.

Hazardous Geographical Environments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hazardous Geographical Environments - Assignment ExampleSurveying and mapping projects return extensively utilize lidar technology for precise or accuracy in distance measurements (Lee 298).Lidar has a broad range of applications. Lidar is used in topographic mapping, through which land is categorised into dissimilar zones. Lidar yields highly accurate topographic data which has allowed researchers to analyze farm land and determine sun exposures and the contours or slopes of farmland. Through lidar, geologists have been able to deplume accurate maps on areas that are covered by forest canopy. Through lidar generated digital elevation models, geologists have been able to create high resolution maps crossways various zones on the earths surface (Lee 302). The detection of obstacles has also been enhanced through the application of lidar technology. In return navigation across various environments has been do effective. In geology, lidar has been applied in the detection of vari ous topographic features across the earths surface. For instance, detection of river banks, terraces and elevations on land surface have been made possible through the application of lidar technology.Lidar technology has specifically been applied in the delineation of hazard zones. For instance, lidar has been used by geologists to monitor the processes of costal development and analyze the various hazards that are associated with coastal regions (Lee 310). Through lidar technology, geologists have also been able to identify and measure changes in landforms within hazard zones with a sess of precision. Such measurements have been used to predict the implications that are associated with specific hazards. The discovery, mapping and measurement of natural hazards, such as mudslides, landslides and flooding debris have been made possible through the application of laser technology. It is through lidar that hazard zones can be seen through

Critical Review on Mcnair chapter 2 from his An Introduction to Essay

Critical Review on Mcnair chapter 2 from his An Introduction to Political Commun - Essay ExampleHe has considered tercet elements to be important for the establishment of democracy which include rational choice, constitutionality and participation. The author has also discussed the importance of cosmos discernment by calling it a public sphere and considered it the collective thoughts and opinions of nation about political leaders. Lastly, the password highlights the role of media in the bidding of political communication. The chapter two of the book Politics, democracy and media vividly explains the triad features of politics, media and democracy with respect to political communication process. The author has identified several aspects that make up the democratic process. The first among the three elements of a democratic governance is constitutionality which is known as the set of rules and procedures that explain the election process and the conduct of people participating in the process. The second element is participation which represents the number of people that have been legally permitted to vote. For instance, the segments of people that have been bestowed with the right to vote are considered to be eligible to participate in voting process. It means that the societies that have strip its majority of people from a giving a right to vote are not democratic in its essence. The third cypher explaining the democratic process is rational choice which includes not only having the right of choosing between the two political parties but also exerting the right as well. The chapter two of McNairs book explains another important aspect with respect to political communication which is public opinion. McNair defines public opinion as the private thoughts and opinions of general public regarding the political processes border their country. It is believed to be an important characteristic of a democratic process that it taken into consideration the publi c opinion of people as manifested by the vote they take up in a collective manner favoring one political party. In other words, a democratic government comes into being as a force of the votes given to them by the majority of people in a country representing their public opinion. The author has used the term public sphere for public opinion also which means the arena of social life that gives rise to the formation of public opinion. The book gives a comprehensive understanding of another significant factor compete its part in the democratic process media. There are five major characteristics of an effective media that is characteristic of a democratic process. Firstly, the media should be capable to truly inform the citizens of a country about what is happening around them. It implies explaining the role of media as the force monitoring the activities of a rules of order. Secondly, the media has an educative role that explains the facts of the society by making the people aware of the meanings of various things occurring around them. Thirdly, the media is said to be playing an important role in forming public opinion by providing them with information about the opinions of general public through the platform of media. Fourthly, the media publicizes the part that governmental and public institutions are playing in the interest of general public. For instance, media has been playing an important role in highlighting scandals of various corporations and political organizations thus enabling the citizens to form an opinion for or against them. It hints on the objectivity of media that does not affirm on biases and prejudiced

Managing Employee Appraisals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Managing Employee Appraisals - Research Paper ExampleThese risks include but are not limited to high rate of employee turnover, and low lumber of products or services that the brass section offers to the clients. Management of performance appraisals is a fairly demanding task. The steering in organizations is often too busy to consider such issues, and the totality of effort required to maintain a healthy, practicable, and fully functional performance management formation makes it seem more of a hassle than a technical practice, but the reality is otherwise. According to DeNisi and Pritchard (2006), the research surrounding the topic of performance appraisal has attracted a lot of criticism because of the overemphasis placed on the psychometric issues. It is equally important for the appraisal research to place emphasis on and explore the effective systems of performance appraisal that can inculcate the motivation in the employees to correct their performance. Some of the mos t important components of the effectiveness of employee appraisal include the perceived level of accuracy, fairness, and satisfaction on the part of the employees because these perceived reactions of the employees can serve as the motivational factors to help them improve their performance. ... It is linked with a range of outcomes of employee appraisal like motivation of the employees and their satisfaction with the appraisal. Achievement of their satisfaction is extremely important for the management because employees can only be motivated to improve their performance once they have the confidence that their past performance has been judged fairly. In all cases, the more logical the system of employee appraisal, the better it can be understood by the employees and their perceived reactions to it are likely to be more positive. Considering the importance of a well-developed, organized, and transparent system of employee appraisal, use of software for performance management is fair ly common in a lot of industries ranging from healthcare to construction and schools. One such software that is adequate for use in the healthcare industry is HealthcareSource Performance Manager. This software makes the process of healthcare performance management quite simplified with the automation of the content and workflow for competencies, performance reporting, training, and performance appraisals. The software provides the management with a structure and an efficient reminder system that places emphasis on the achievement of goals and makes the documentation, chasing, and communication quite commodious for the management. Improvements made to the employee appraisal with the use of the HealthcareSource Performance Manager include improved on-time completion ratio of employee appraisal, improved communication in the organization, consistence between the goals of the organization and those of the employees, and minimized time

Research Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Analysis - Essay ExampleThe research took the sort of Questionnaires that 300 teachers from different educational levels were to fill, aimed at judging their skills and knowledge, against their willingness to share the same skills and knowledge with their students, and the reasons that affected their performance in that respect. The following questions were to be filled in the questionnaires for data collectionTo better analyze the data collected, an average number of the teachers with the same answers were to be categorized in the same class, from which the mean number would be taken as the representative of the actual status quo.Among the 300 teachers who filled the questionnaires, from all ages, sex and marital status, approximately 75% attributed the employers judgment of their performance(s) on the net profit they were paid. The same percentage (75%) of them felt motivated by an increment in their pay by their employers as a method of encouraging their individual deve lopment. 13% of the teachers indicated having timely, accurate, open two way communications with their employers.According to Pauline, & Fausel, (2007), pay in itself as the only method to compensate teachers for their performances could be deceiving.

Golden Ocean Group Limted Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Golden nautical Group Limted - Essay ExampleGolden Ocean deals with shipping of dry bulk. Primarily, this was the reason that the companionship demerged from Frontline Limited with the companys key bea of specialization being a spin-off of the dry bulk operations of Frontline Limited, the original company. By dry bulk, the company is in the worry of shipping coal, iron ore, ingredients of steel or finished steel, gravel, sand, grain, or any other similar material. Using its own or chartered ships, Golden Ocean Limited delivers the dry bulk based upon the needs of its customers (Golden Ocean, 2010). Each year, the quantity of dry-bulk and customers increases in the shipping industry. Case in point, shipping companies registered a combined growth in shipment of iron ore imports, coal imports, grains, and steel products by much than 250million tons signifying growth (Golden Ocean, 2010). Indeed, these four examples of dry bulk products denote the operations of the company in the d ry-bulk shipping industry.Golden Ocean started its operations with three vessels. However, the companys operations have astronomically grown for the period it has been in operation and more so along the lines of its Capesize and Panamax vessels. On one hand, Capesize vessels are the largest vessels-in terms of capacity-operated by the company with the capacity to carry 110,000-190,000 tons of dead weight. In effect, there are a few seaports, in the world, that can accommodate these vessels due to the infrastructure required to accommodate vessels of this size.

Obesity in the African American Community Research Paper

Obesity in the African American Community - Research Paper typesetters caseHowever, over the last decade, statistics have shown that obesity is gradually becoming more pronounced among the black community (Pan et al., 2009). While it is still high among Caucasians, it appears to be plateauing or even slightly reducing while it increases for the blacks. This has resulted in considerable research and investigations in an effort to identify the specialized causative factors and come up with alleviative actions from both national health and community level.There have been numerous factors proposed for the high incidences of obesity among the African American community most, which stem from education and exiguity and an overreaching culture grounded in unhealthy eating habits. A study carried out by Slone Epidemiology Center followed up on 23,631 African American women elderly under 55 from 1995 to 2009 (Coogan, 2012). They found that women whose parents had not gone through college te nded to gain weight as children and often became obese as adults. However, women whose parents were college educated were much slight prone to this in cases where women had completed college, their risk was significantly lower irrespective of their parents education. The study determined that lower education and by file name extension income levels among parents are attributed to weight gain and a greater obesity risk and over a lifetime (Coogan, 2012). When a woman is disadvantaged in childhood, she is believably to develop obesity but this can often be overcome if she achieves a high level of education and liberates herself. For black women found to have a low obesity risk, the study suggested that education provided more access to financial security, which enabled them access to healthy foods and other factors that prevent obesity such as secondary school membership.Most scholars agree that the most likely culprit is diet however, this like many of the social problems facing the African American population is compounded with a host of other

The Abyssinian crisis led to the failure of the League of Nations Essay

The Abyssinian crisis led to the failure of the partnership of Nations - Essay ExampleThis organization is commonly known as the League of Nations, which is the predecessor of the United Nations. The League of Nations was categorical that members must maintain peace among themselves and with other countries in the world. How ever so, in 1935, one League member, Italy, attacked another member, Abyssinia. There were clear signs that Italy would attack Abyssinia but cipher was done by the League of Nations to prevent the attack. It seemed like the League was biased towards countries which led to that attack and several others that eventually led to the fall of the League of Nations. The misfortune of the League of Nations to solve the Italy and Abyssinian crisis discredited the League significantly and is probably one of the reasons the League of Nations failed in the subsequent years. The League of Nations When the World War One eventually came to an end in November 1918, many peop le in the world did not want to experience or have their future generations experience the horrors of war ever again. Leaders from Europe, United States and other world countries met in France in 1919 to come up with an organization that would safeguard the world from wars. The main working principles of the League of Nations were disarmament of the countries and provide security to the League members like an alliance. Under these terms and conditions, no League member would attack another League member. In the case of disputes among the members of the League, antiauthoritarian process would be used to solve the dispute amicably under the oversight of the other members of the League of Nations. Events Leading to Italy-Abyssinia Crisis of1935 Italy was one of the most powerful countries instantaneously after the World War One. Benito Mussolini, the Italian Prime Minister of the time envisioned a large Italian empire that would be ruled by him. In this case, he was face for regions to expand the Italian invasion to. The large empire would provide the much required material for the Italian industries and Military as well as provide regions for expanding population to settle in. A large empire would likewise play an important role in instilling field pride and prestige. In fact, Winston Churchill had lamented that countries that were dependent on many war commodities like Italy would consider getting unhampered imports (Florian 7). Italy also felt left behind by its European peers in the scramble for Africa in especially the Easy African region. The country has possessions in East Africa were not resourceful as its peers and wanted to expand. It is also claimed that the Battle of Adowa, in which Italian multitude were defeated by Abyssinian troops was of great shame and Mussolini wanted to revenge the attack. In fact, it is thought that he was looking for reasons to regain glory by defeating Abyssinia (Mendum and Waugh 19). A German official was quoted sayin g that Mussolini was not moving his troops in Africa back to Italy without glory. There were Italian troops in Somalia and Libya at the time (Kelly and Lacey 78). An opportunity for Benito Mussolini to do exactly what he was waiting for arose in December 1934 during the Wal Wal dispute. It is claimed that on 22nd November 1934, Ethiopian troops arrived at the Wal Wal fort and demanded that the Somali-Italian troops there to withdraw from the fort as it was in Ethiopia. The head of the fort refused but the Ethiopian troops persisted for the following days. Tensions were high and in the midst of 5th and 7th December 1934, there were collisions between Ethiopians and Italians and Somalis. None of the two parties involved in the incident claimed responsibility. The Italian government demanded that the

Discussing psychologist perspectives and their use Essay Example for Free

Discussing psychologist perspectives and their use EssayCognitive- This orgasm is portrayed by two theorists Jean Piaget and George Kelly. This perspective refers to age-related changes in knowledge and acts of knowing plus understanding. Research shows that this approach is the best get byment practised for almost every single disorder, another positive point to this perspective is that its really quick with lasting changes it also helps citizenry be add together more confident and boost people with learning difficulties self-esteem. Its also very easy and works for a majority of people. The negatives to this perspective are that it cease be seen as non-person centred, its not effective for lower functioning clients, and some clinicians feel that it doesnt address other issues. This can be used in health and social care through helping individuals who misread situations, as this approach mainly helps people with learning difficulties so it can help certain individuals come to terms with some irrational thoughts they may have. Biological- This perspective is about the view of personality that focuses on the way behaviour and personality are influenced by neuro-anatomy, biochemistry, genetics or evolution.This perspective also helps people understand how and why we have a certain diseases. The positives to this approach the more we know about the brain, the more we should be able to explain how we operate and to understand what makes us tick. Also the main strength to the biological approach is that chemotherapy, ECT and psychosurgery can be used to treat the symptoms of abnormal behaviour directly and in a very short time. The negatives to this approach are the take a chance of side effects- e. g. in case of chemotherapy there is the risk that patients may become psychologically and physically dependent on the drugs involved.Symptoms often recur when the treatment stops, so many patients have to be re-admitted to hospital. It also raises well(p) eth ical issues. Other things people look upon as negative is the fact that its hard to determine the extent to which genetic inheritance influences behaviour. This perspective can be used in health and social care through the use of developmental norms, this means making sure that a young child is development properly, so that their behaviour and understanding matches that if their chronological age.

An Effective Manager of Home Depot Essay Example for Free

An Effective Manager of Home Depot Essay fit to Robbins and Coulter (2005), stiff private instructors each over the world acknowledge the role that strategic management plays in their shapings performance. Moreover, Drucker (2004) said that the gauge of an effective manager or executive is the ability to get the right things done. This typically entails doing what otherwisewise individuals have ignored in addition to avoiding what is unproductive. Imagination, intelligence, and knowledge might all be wasted in an executive job with protrude the attained habits of mind that form them into results. I believe that Bob Nardelli is exhibiting these characteristics and management style of an effective manager as he leads Home Depot to become continually advantageful in its operations. As he triumphed over variant problems in managing the company and a s a result oh his managerial strategy, Home Depot is now has now increased sales by 60 percent and earnings per constituent by 105 percent (Business Week Online, 2006).During his first day as chief executive officer at Home Depot in the year 2000, the company has various problems to deal with, some of which, were as deciphers it lacked the necessary infrastructure to send even a companywide electronic mail, Home Depot stores were already run-down and was being know as a store with poor customer service, the stores shipments were logged using pencil and clipboard, and Home Depot stores did not have automated inventory systems (Sellers, 2001). Being a visionary leader that he is, Nardelli believed that better processes must lead to better quality ad higher profits for Home Depot.He meshed strategic management in planning to improve the company. As asserted by Robbins and Coulter (2005), the prevailing belief in management theory and society on the whole is that managers are completely responsible or accountable for an boldnesss success or failure. However, Nardelli demonstrated that aside from the fact th at much of an presidential terms success or failure is because of external forces outside of the managers control, the manager has a big responsibility in making decisions for the success of the organization.A major component of Nardellis far-reaching move to reform Home Depot, which is considered to be the worlds third-largest retailer, into a more centralized company, include importing people, ideas, and platitudes from the multitude (Business Week Online, 2006). This might be an unwelcome concept in management circles however, Nardelli couldnt care less. He believes that it is a vital aspect of his strategy to lead in a cumbersome 2,048-store chain and get ready for its next leg of growth (Business Week Online, 2006).In an uncertain and dynamic environment, real world organizations employ strategic decision-making when making decisions offers managers with a comprehensive and systematic means for taking into consideration the external environment, concentrating on an organizat ions strength, reducing weaknesses, and recognizing opportunities in which an organization can have a competitive edge (Shafritz Hyde, 2004).As maintained by Holstein (2004), the Nardelli decision-making model might help create a pattern for other CEOs who have been extremely frustrated and let down by their lack of success in harnessing technology. In transforming Home Depot to what it is now, Nardelli increased information technology using up by almost 20 percent (Sellers, 2001). Then in year 2003 Nardelli spent a total of $400 million on inventory ecstasy and tracking systems (Sellers, 2001). Aside from these, Nardelli in addition spent around $250 million refurbishing Home Depot stores (Pellet, 2001).This included the installation of self-checkout systems in 800 stores to lessen customer lines and ease up salespeople. This also included the provement of two-way cordless scanners, which enabled products to be price-scanned in the shopping cart, in this manner shortening lin es. Being an effective manager, he also paid attention to motivating the organizations workers. Armstrong (2002) said that in providing rewards to employees, supervisors and managers should identify what rewards will succeed for specific employees at any given time. unconstipated though supervisors and managers might not be able to have power over certain rewards like benefits or wages, they have the liberty to give out rewards like recognition and praise. In Home Depot, Nardelli instituted innovations in providing rewards and in human resource management. First, he substituted 157 different employee evaluation forms with two (Pellet, 2001). In addition, coworkers, above and on a lower floor them, rated aalaried personnel from the CEO down and salaries were derived from the scores.Then during a period when Home Depot was planning to hire approximately 100,000 new employees, Nardelli did not automatically approach those employees with poor scores (Pellet, 2001). Nardelli first reque sted for the advice of others and informed underperformers precisely what they were doing wrong. This way, Nardelli showed that it is important for a manager to vigorously seek opposing opinions and inquire regarding the basis for those opinions in the beginning selecting a course of action is being stressed, instead of acting on the basis of tacit or pre-arranged agreement.Necessarily, this needs constantly listening with real admiration so as to promote development of different opinions and supporting rationales, instead of merely setting forth suggestions and working to make agreement around them (Drucker, 2004). Furthermore, Nardelli seemed to follow step two in Peter Druckers model (204) that executives require both themselves and their staff or subordinates what they contribute presently to the organization and what they could contribute to the organization in the future.In Home Depot, Nardelli asserted that in spite of whether a persons belief of what he/she now contributes, or could contribute, equals his/her managers belief, emphasizing and legal transfer out the importance of everybodys role as a contributor is necessary to the organizations general effectiveness. In initiating change in Home Depot, Nardelli showed that everybody in the organization makes decisions nevertheless, decision-making is specifically vital in a managers job.I think that he followed what Robbins and Coulter (2005) said that decision-making is part of all four managerial functions planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and that decision-making is synonymous with managing. Holstein (2004) has written that when Nardelli joined Home Depot, the challenge of improving the companys supply chain and logistics became apparent because the company is way behind other stores in these areas. Hence, he established a model called full truckload to the store, which means that the more you brought, the more it would oblige you to sell, since you get kind of jammed (Holstein, 2004).In basis of information technology, at Home Depot, Nardelli has established a system of checks and balances (Sellers, 2001). The manner is which Nardelli is managing the technological transformation is attracting attention and interest from other executives and managers. Sellers (2001) said that Nardelli has borrowed from the CE playbook to establish a system of checks and balances on how technology is managed, and Nardelli has likewise incorporated technology decisions deeply into his business strategy in runring and managing Home Depot.Furthermore, Nardelli likewise employed create deeper relationships with fewer vendors. As stated earlier, the Nardelli decision-making model might possibly help create a pattern for other CEOs who have been exceedingly frustrated and disillusioned by their lack of success in utilizing technology. In conclusion, in transforming Home Depot to become the earning company that it is now, I believe that Nardelli demonstrated that leadership is the poten tiality to influence people or convocations toward the accomplishment of goals.As a process, Nardelli showed that leadership forms the goals of an organization or group, inspires behavior toward the attainment of those goals, and helps characterize organizational or group culture hence, it is fundamentally a process of influence. References Armstrong, M. (2002). Employee Reward (3rd Edition), CIPD London. Drucker, Peter. What Makes an Effective Executive, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 82, No. 6, June 2004. Holstein, W. (2004). The Depot goes digital how CEO Bob Nardelli is managing a $2 trillion technology transformation, The Chief Executive.Pellet, J. (2001). Mr. Fix-It Steps In, Chief Executive. Renovating Home Depot. (2006). Business Week Online. Robbins, S. , M. Coulter. (2005). Management, (8th ed. ). Prentice Hall. Sellers, P. (2001). Exit the Builder, Enter the Repairman Home Depots Arthur Blank Is Out. New CEO Bob Nardelli Is In. His Job To Tackle the Companys Renovation after Two Decades of Nonstop Expansion, Fortune. Shafritz, J. M. A. Hyde. (2004). Classics of Public Administration, 5th ed. Belmont , CA Wadsworth/Thompson