Birth of the Universe :: science

Birth of the UniverseYour existence, as we have suggested many times, as weve suggested already this morning, is besides one universe among many. It is relatively a small universe not to suggest that you should feel badly laughter for notwithstanding the consensus reality that bigger is better, despite the male-dominating nil and the comparative energies that say bigger is better, your universe, though relatively small, is not at all diminished by its size. Now we know the word universe by its definition means the totality of known or supposed objects and phenomena throughout space. We know that it is thought of as all and that therefore there croupe only be one. Yet, by experience and by fact, yours is but one among many dimensional and non-dimensional universes. Yours is a universe by a truer definition It is that which is versus (turning into) uni (one). Universe. And it is in the main space, as you know. And it is mostly outer space as you call it. Before anything, your universe is space. Space. What about ahead space? To understand the Vortex of Sirius and the Sirius Connection, realize that before your universe existed, before it was even conceived, there was nothing. First space had to be created. As with any dimensional creation, maiden comes space. We have suggested that the Goddess energy the original energy that creates itself without space or time first creates God. No, we do not mean the God of religious text and doctrine Eastern or Western not that God that so frequently comes to mind when the word is said or thought. We speak of the genuine article, if you will. We speak of the more-real God that to most remains unknown. The Goddess first creates God. She first gives birth to God, if you will, from her womb. The egg of new form, fertilized by the new spark of Her Light, gives birth to that energy spaceless energy that is God. Why? So that together Goddess and God can always create give birth to All That Is. Together. Together, we would suggest, because the Goddess has no desire to be the singular authority. She has no desire to have singular supremacy or to be singularly supreme. She has no desire to be absolute. She does want to work together. She always does. In the context of your language, and thus in the context of your time, the Goddess first created God so that God with Goddess could create All That Is.

Life in New England Opposed To The Chesapeake Bay In The 1600s :: American America History

Life in New England Opposed To The Chesapeake Bay In The 1600sDuring the 1600s, many sight in the American colonies led very many different lives, some better than others. While brio was hard for some groups, other colonists were healthy and happy. dickens groups that display such a difference are the colonists of New England and Chesapeake Bay. New Englanders enjoyed a much higher standard of living. This high standard of New Englands was referable to many factors, including a healthier environment, better family situation, and a high rate of reproduction.First, the inhabitants of the New England area were far healthier. Their clean water supply was a tangy contrast to the contaminated waters of Chesapeake Bay. Air was also fresh and clean in New England. Chesapeake Bay colonists were plagued by disease due to their unsanitary management of flavor, and New Englanders could expect ten extra years of life because of migrating there in fact, on average, they lived to be nearly 7 0, close to the same life forecast as today.Second, those who migrated to New England tended to come over as families, quite dissimilar to the single men who flooded Chesapeake Bay. Obviously, a much more stable family life took root in New England. Single women in Chesapeake Bay were few and far between, and the few that were around were not single for long. It was much easier to establish families in New England, where the balance between men and women was much closer to equal. These strong families provided security and made the New England colonists live a more stable life than those who lived to the south in Chesapeake Bay.Finally, partially due to the stable family life of New England, reproduction was much steadier in the north than in the Chesapeake Bay region. New Englands women hook up with young, around 20 years of age, and had many children before their child bearing days were over. They could expect to have at least 10 children, with 8 of them surviving. Chesapeakes lack of families-and more importantly-lack of women kept reproduction rates from being up to par. Thus, New Englands growth was steady a nd stable, whereas Chesapeake Bay suffered the effects of an extremely first gear growth rate.

Project Management is an Art Form NOT a Science Essay -- Business, Case

jut Management Art to the RescueIs nominate management more of a science or more of an art form? IntroductionTodays business executives are asking their managers and employees to do more with less. less come out Managers are leading more projects with poor results, the latest Standish Group Chaos Report shows that only 28% of IT projects succeed. Many believe that the key to jut success in not applying technical management principles, but kinda, more artful soft skills such as communication and creativity. (Belzer, 2004).This case study willing present and discuss why the application of soft skills will help todays stressed-out Project Managers implement successful projects. Not only moldiness projects be deployed on time and within budget, they must ultimately bring value to the stakeholder. Often times relating this information to the project sponsor requires creativity rather than a montage of colorful Gantt charts and graphs.The truly gifted Project Managers are those that can apply the systematic hard skills in an artful manner by using soft skills. To that end, some systematic or science related management skills will be discussed, along with the soft skills and how they are used together to successfully manage projects.Scientific ApproachSystematic or hard skills such as Gantt Charting or diagramming are just some of the tools Project Managers use to track project activities. While they are important to project success they are not the end all. Successful Project Leaders go through the winning formula for combining hard skills with soft skills. A thorough understanding of the technical system to be deployed allows project leaders to break the project down into many smaller tasks. Assign... ...also qualities of successful managers. Good leaders apply artistic traits to scientific tools in order to effectively manage complex projects. BibliographyKate Belzer (2004) Project Management Still More Art than ScienceAndrew D. Brown, Matthew R. Jones (1998) Doomed to failure narratives of inevitability and conspiracy in a failed IS project. Organization Studies, Winter. Michael Greer (1999) 14 Key Principles for PM Success. Chapter 6 Planning and Managing Human Performance Technology Projects, Handbook of Human Performance Technology, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Craig Schiff (January, 2004) Maximize Business Performance Getting Started The BPM Project life CyclePaul Worthington (2001) Case Study Developing Project Management Skills in Managing Death March Projects. Working paper, School of Business, Curtin University, Perth, AU

The Birthmark :: Comparison and Contrast, Hawthorne

Every relationship is different. Weather one may be in a relationship with a boy, or just a friend, it is different. Even though they are different, the characters in The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne and IND AFF by Fay Weldon are in similar relationships. That is, the male is dominant everywhere the female, and the cleaning woman thinks the man is her knight in shining armor. In the beginning of IND AFF the unnamed woman thinks her professor, Peter, who she is having an affair with, is her ticket to creating a good thesis and high standings. Similarly, in The Birthmark, Georgiana thinks her husband is her ticket to flawless beauty because he tells her he will remove her birthmark. Obviously, this is not how relationships operate in todays society. These two relationships compare and contrast with each other as well as with relationships in todays day-and-age. IND AFF takes place in Sarajevo, which is where Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. T his is a severalize aspect to the story because Peter is superb in history and thinks that he knows everything there is to know about history. Likewise, The Birthmark takes place in a laboratory. This is where the Georgianas husband, Aylmer, spends most of his spare time. Aylmer thinks he either knows or will be able to discover everything this is to know about science. So, in each story, the man takes the woman to somewhere he knows more about (and is therefore seen as superior) than she does. In both stories, the man is seen as intelligent. In IND AFF Peter says he is a professor of classical history and has a first-class mind (Weldon scalawag 202). In The Birthmark Aylmer is referred to as a man of science (Hawthorne page 416) and a star (Hawthorne page 423). Like the men, the women have similarities and differences. For example, in the beginning of both stories, the women seem confident in themselves. Then, the men tell them otherwise. In IND AFF, Peter tells the wo man she does not have a first-class mind (Weldon 202). In, The Birthmark Georgiana is accepting of her birthmark and in fact comes to think of it as a touch from an angel (Hawthorne page 417). Then, her husband tells her birthmark is natures slightest possible defect (Hawthorne page 417).

Florence by Alice Childress Essays -- Florence Alice Childress Essays

Florence by Alice ChildressThis 1950 play by Alice Childress takes place in a train stationwaiting room in a very diminutive town in the south. The play describes howMiss Whitney, an old black woman, discovers that her premonition ofthe success of her daughter, Florence, as a black actress isundesirably similar to that of a racist, face cloth auberge. This troublingdiscovery has just as strong an impact on the reader as it does onMiss Whitney. This drama teaches the reader how the views and opinionsof individuals or groups back tooth cast other individuals or groups toapproach situations with the same reaction, although their views andopinions may be opposite. margarin, Miss Whitneys other daughter, first introduces this frame ofmind to as she accompanies Miss Whitney at the train station. They sitin the colored section of the train station while Miss Whitneyawaits a train to Harlem to convince Florence to come back habitation to thesouth. Florence fled to Harlem with ambition of being an actress.After she calls home to ask for money, Marge is convinced thatFlorence will fail because she is a black woman attempting to make itin a business dominated by whites in a racially segregated society.Although Miss Whitney seems to have a little bit more faith inFlorence, she still wants to convince Florence to come back home. Theyeven have a check ready to pay for her trip home, which is causingthem to be late on their rent. This reveals to us that they arewilling to sacrifice a little in order to prevent Florence frompossibly failing in her quest for success. As Marge speaks to hermother she reveals her mentality in regards to Florences situation,She aint gonna get rich up there and we cant afford t... ...a powerful message. Before Miss Whitneysconversation with Mrs. Carter, she felt Florence wouldnt make it asan actress. After realizing that a racist white woman felt the sameway, Miss Whitney reevaluated her reasons for wanting Florence to comehome. Realizing he r reasons werent much different, she felt the bestthing to do is to encourage Florence to follow her dream no matter howhard it may be to achieve, rather than make her believe it wasimpossible, just as the white society wanted her to believe. Once thismessage is conveyed to the reader you cant help but look upon yourown past and wonder if youve ever been guilty of letting somebodyelses opinions influence what you believe is or isnt possible. Thisplay teaches us to be more open-minded as well as not being ahypocrite. This play is a masterpiece by Alice Childress to say theleast.

Florence by Alice Childress Essays -- Florence Alice Childress Essays

Florence by Alice ChildressThis 1950 play by Alice Childress takes place in a train stakewaiting room in a very small town in the south. The play describes howMiss Whitney, an old black woman, discovers that her forewarning ofthe success of her daughter, Florence, as a black actress isundesirably similar to that of a racist, white society. This troublingdiscovery has just as strong an impact on the reader as it does onMiss Whitney. This drama teaches the reader how the views and opinionsof individuals or groups can influence other individuals or groups toapproach situations with the very(prenominal) reaction, although their views andopinions may be opposite.Marge, Miss Whitneys other daughter, first introduces this frame ofmind to as she accompanies Miss Whitney at the train station. They sitin the colored section of the train station while Miss Whitneyawaits a train to Harlem to convince Florence to come back home to thesouth. Florence fled to Harlem with ambition of being an act ress.After she calls home to ask for money, Marge is convince thatFlorence will fail because she is a black woman attempting to make itin a business dominated by whites in a racially segregate society.Although Miss Whitney seems to have a little bit more faith inFlorence, she still wants to convince Florence to come back home. Theyeven have a check ready to pay for her trip home, which is causingthem to be late on their rent. This reveals to us that they arewilling to sacrifice a little in order to prevent Florence frompossibly failing in her quest for success. As Marge speaks to hermother she reveals her mentality in regards to Florences situation,She aint gonna get rich up in that respect and we cant afford t... ...a powerful message. Before Miss Whitneysconversation with Mrs. Carter, she felt Florence wouldnt make it asan actress. After realizing that a racist white woman felt the sameway, Miss Whitney reevaluated her reasons for wanting Florence to comehome. Realizing her re asons werent much different, she felt the bestthing to do is to encourage Florence to follow her dream no matter howhard it may be to achieve, rather than make her believe it wasimpossible, just as the white society wanted her to believe. Once thismessage is conveyed to the reader you cant help but feel upon yourown past and wonder if youve ever been guilty of letting somebodyelses opinions influence what you believe is or isnt possible. Thisplay teaches us to be more open-minded as well as not being ahypocrite. This play is a masterpiece by Alice Childress to say theleast.

Analysis of I Sit and Look Out by Walt Whitman Essay

I sit and look discover by Walt Whitman echoes all in all miseries and atrocities of life that rose to the ascend in the wake of capitalism. 19th century witnessed a sea change in the lives of people as rat induce for materialistic possession became more(prenominal) prominent and principles were relegated, concerns and emotions were sidelined from inside of human beings.The poet pen pictures such a sad tale of human life by attempting to pose as onlooker who watches everything simply does nothing to alter situations. In this analysis of I Sit and look out by Walt Whitman, the capitalization of the verb sitdenotes the action of an onlooker. It is also symbolic of the speaker unit who sits idle and shows no sign to do anything.His constant position is also indicative of his com blanknt confinement which is miles away from suffering multitudes. On the other hand, the supposition of I Sit and look out is expressed through the term look out that speaks of his own position which is safe and secure, away from the sufferings of the mundane world. In I sit and look out by Walt Whitman, the usage of free verses is abundant which serves to denote a never changing situation. All throughout the poem, the poet keeps an undermined speak of pessimism and paints an apocalyptic imagery that hits the readers as they progress in the poem.I Sit and look out by Walt Whitman is also a fine instance of the sources disillusionment with the world that is evident through the first two lines of the poem and it continues to the point where he exclaims I SIT and look out upon all the sorrows of the world, and upon all oppression and shame I hear secret convulsive sobs from tender men, at anguish with themselves, remorseful after deeds done I see, in low life, the mother misused by her children, dying, neglected, gaunt, desperate I see the wife misused by her husband-I see the treacherous seducer of young women The poem is more of a study of this dystopian world where oppression a nd shame rule the roost of the society.The theme of I Sit and look out draws upon an image of seclusion as the poet feels that he is located and placed at an altitude that is way higher and away from the episodes of sufferings and misery. The paroxysmal sobs of youth stifled in World War, having an albatross around their neck is an imagery that speaks of their remorseful actions. Walt Whitman talks about children who have taken advantage of their own mothers and now she lies all only when distressed, her solitude beckons her children every moment. The poet speaks of a distressed time where wives are put to misuse by their husbands,cheated, abused and tortured.The husbands are pen pictured as cauterize lovers who picks up young women and deceives them without a shade of remorse or guilt. The theme of I sit and look outpoints at the jealousy of the human race among themselves, unrequited love that is seemingly impossible to hide. The angst and the anxiety of the poet, the fear and t he tension that rumbles up the poets mind while he sits comfortably in his place is an awakening call for the readers to rise up and take a step in altering the situation.Walt Whitmans agony and meanness are justly outlined in the lines I observe a famine at sea, I observe the sailors casting lots who shall be killd to preserve the lives of the lie in, I observe the slights and degradations cast by arrogant persons upon laborers, the poor, and upon Negroes, and the likes All theseall the meanness and agony without end I sitting look out upon,See, hear, and am silent. The poet seeks to secern emotions in his poemby introducing camouflage to pertain jealousy and unrequited love behind the mask of smiles and affability. The ego is hosted and the sufferings are subdued and the speaker is never at rest although he doesnt move from his position. Perhaps, the process of being an onlooker is more painful than being the victim.In other words, the poet calls one and all to rise and do what is right to free themselves from the shackles of pain and liberation and pacify their ego. It is the onlooker who sits silent through the dangerous aftermaths of war, the deaths of millions and autocracy that causes dents within the state. He has to bear the pain as he beholds the sight of prisoners-tortured and tormented-the most terrible byproduct of wars and battles fought. The pen picturisation is horrific, where sailors are thrown into the sea to fight the waves and survive to the shores. The poor workers, the Negros are subjected to slavery in the hands of the capitalist world where nothing prevails but oppression and penury.I Sit and look out transforms itself to be a worthy satire of roiled times where agony and not beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder. Its good to knowWalt Whitman has been claimed as Americas first poet of democracy, a title meant to reflect his ability to write in a singularly American character Whitmans poetry has been set to music by a large number o f composers indeed it has been suggested his poetry has been set to musicmore than any other American poet except for Emily Dickinson and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Radicalization French Revolution

Reasons radicalization of French diversity By the end of September 1791, the National assemblage announced that its work was done. In many ways, the Constitution of 1791 seemed to fulfil the promises of reform which had been first uttered by the men of 1789. All Frenchmen could now be imperial that the following rights had been secured equality before the law, careers open to talent, a written system, and parliamentary regimen. Hence, there was a sizeable faction within the National Assembly who were well-off and claimed the Revolution to be at an end as its primary aims had been achieved.However, by 1792 the revolution moved in a to a greater extent radical and violent direction. why the revolution became radical is often debated, and there are essentially two main reasons as to why it did so. First, a counter-revolution, loyal to Church and King, was led by the noble and the clergy and supported by staunch Catholic peasants. This threatened the changes of the revolutionaries therefore they turned to drastic measures. Second, the economic, social, and political discontent of the urban working classes also propelled the Revolution in the direction of radicalism.These were the small shop-keepers, artisans and wage earners, referred to as sans-culottes. Popular discontent and Jacobin agitation was evident in August as the city council was overthrown and the Commune of genus Paris was established. Despite the revolutionaries drafting a constitution, they now had no monarch as the royal family was under house arrest. By September the capital was in a state of chaos as more than 1,200 people were killed. This took place in order to maintain revolution and keep it moving forward.Although the constitution was already enshrined and the citizens had their exemption and liberties, there was still plenty of public dissent and disapproval as to whether or not these laws would help create a new government and thwart the country from breaking apart. The people had com e this far and were not prepared to watch their efforts lead to failure or the restoration of an absolute monarchy. As a go of this radical forces were able to get citizens on side by claiming the constitution of 1791 did not meet the demands of all the people.Radicals led the Commune, discarded the old constitution and called for a National Convention to revise a new one. In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed and the Jacobins condemned their actions by claiming that the monarchy had to be abolished in order to eliminate as many of the royalist and monarchists that remained. France was declared a nation and it could be suggested that his death signified the emergence of nationalism as people remained loyal to the radicals. In humanitarian to this, it highlighted the point where radicalism would dominate the revolution.The revolution faced strain as it coped with the weight of foreign war and civil war which caused the revolutionary leading to grow more radical. Moderate reforme rs the Girondins, had previously dominated the National Convention, but this was to change. Division within the convention began to emerge within the Convention as the Jacobins and Girondins desired different aims. Factional disputes resulted in the replacement of the Girondins with the Jacobins the far more radical of the two.The Jacobins claimed it was their duty to save the revolution and their strengths helped gain them the support of the sans-culottes. It was the premise of the Jacobins that they should eradicate the enemies and secure the destiny of the revolution through and through the destruction of counter-revolutionary forces. The Jacobins managed to grip firm control of the Convention and the French Nation. Essentially, they were now the government. However, with the strain of civil war, economic distress and threats of foreign invasion, they realised strong leadership was required in order to save the revolution.The CPS assumed tight leadership in April 1793, and it h as been argued that the reign of terror followed from this. The Committee ordered arrests and trials of counter-revolutionaries and imposed government authority. However, there was no turning back from the radical phase that the people had voluntarily entered. By summer, the reign of terror had spread over France, spearheaded by the infallibility of Robespierre, began persecuting blush the innocent. It can be seen it was far too radical as even the moderate Girondins were accused of counter-revolutionary actions and expelled from the Convention.What was once a legislative, two-sided body had now aim an authoritarian oligarchy led by radicals. It has been argued that this was a step backwards in the revolution as it imitated an absolute monarchy, without the safeguards of constitution. Around 17,000 people died as a result of the terror, and this was to be a stage in the revolution that could not be undone. In the summer of 1794 there seemed to be less need for terror and the repub lic seemed a reality. With the 9th Thermidor, the machinery of the Jacobin republic was dismantled.Leadership passed to the property owning bourgeoisie. The government then changed hands to the five-man directory and radicalism had been effectively thwarted. However, France was still at war with the rest of Europe and leadership began to pass into the hands of generals, which ultimately saw the emergence of Napoleon Bonaparte. France was not prepared for such social and political upheaval, and the resulting shift towards a republic would change the country forever.

Positive Psychology

Martin Seligman is one of the founding fathers of positive psychology. Seligman created that Idea of learned helplessness. This idea Is related to depression and overlaps Julian Rotters external local of control. Learned helplessness explains the factors In ones lte that they stomachnot escape. For example, If you are a young girl growing up in a house with your mother who is depressed, sad, abusive, etc then you are more likely to decease depressed, sad, and feel helpless. These traits become ur surroundings which then become your life, you dldnt do it to yourself. ut it is almost as if you were taught to be miserable. Seligman also found the three pillars to positive psychology. pleasure. joy and meaning. These are believed to be the three factors that make happiness possible. Pleasure can come about during good conversation3 sensual experience3 hobbies and so on. This route to happiness suffers from macrocosm somewhat superficial and not long-lasting. This is why repetition is important, Repetition often has the opposite impact and can be self-destructive, Gratification is all about cosmos engaged with ones individual strengths or positive traits.Gratification requires effort but provides a deeper level of satisfaction. Finally, meaning. this comes from using ones strengths to benefit something larger than itself. Mih?ly Csikszentmih?lyi, another psychologist important to positive psychology believes that almost everything you experience has flow. Flow iS a State Of complete engagement in an activity. Flow iS that feeling Of time flies when yourre having fun, our Whole being iS lead and every action, movement and thought follows the previous one.Csikszentmih?ly believes that now is experienced by everyone in different ways. some might experience flow while compete a sport, while others might experience it in activities such as drawing or painting. He says, Flow also happens when a persons skills are richly involved in overcoming a challenge that i s just about manageable, so it acts as a magnet for teaching new skills and increasing challenges. If challenges are to a fault ICY, one gets back to flow by increasing them.If challenges are too great, one can return to the flow state by learning new skills. (Flow-The Psychology, Csikszentmihlyl) Positive psychology Is a way of life that teaches you not how to ignore negative situations and experiences but how to cope and overcome those experiences. Positive psychology can have a range of real-world applications In areas including education. therapy, self-help. stress management and workplace issues. using strategies from positive psychology. teachers, coaches, therapists and employers can ngths.

Institutions and Securities Essay

Hiring the precise appli cant is always a challenge. After you have enquiry the resumes and applications and done the entire preface base, you narrow your hunt and choose who will be interviewed for a tellicular position. A review of the literature from the past ten years shows a fairly consistent pattern of concerns and issues nearly mental facultying. Articles on staff evaluation, staff participation in planning, and staffing patterns frequently occur, however, the vast majority of such articles focus on larger urban libraries.In articles devoted to rural library staff, most writers point to concerns and problems which can be traced almost always to staff education. Marketing, services to special populations, technology, and recruitment all can be crystallized under the heading of educational needs. How to effectively incorporate the time of volunteers, day treat for staff children, and benefits package selection have all been discussed, but education, sometimes referred to as training, is the single most common thread which may be install in the literature treating rural library staffing.Your business depends on people. People make your goods and serve your most important asset clients. To grow, your industry needs a constant base of people. But hiring the exact people is riskyand tough You need a partner who can employ, screen and hire for you. For the first part of creating the good talented and performance staff team every company need to choose and developed gentleman strategy. HRProfessional Magazine presents its Multi-Level HRM Strategy Key to bendable Staffing Success (October/November 2001) by Mary Ann Lesperance, CHRP.The article superintends with the main HR principles such as flexible firm. The flexible firm model suggests that we can flesh our workforces to proactively meet our business needs through flexible staffing arrangements. state article. The meaning and the main goal of benchmarking we could recognize from thesis Seven Step s to Effective rival Benchmarking written by Arik R. Johnson is Managing Director of the Competitive Intelligence (CI) support bureau and consultancy Aurora WDC.When it comes to Competitive Intelligence, there are a few simple tools that can provide for sophisticated comparisons of business functions between organizations that can help firms benchmark the constituent processes of the company with direct or indirect competitors, allowing a company to come through the upper accomplish in a marketplace. But, what is the process for setting the metrics, methodologies, milestones and comparisons which might be used to measure the success of a CI/benchmarking function, or the success of a Strategic Planning department as a whole? Dina Berta in her article Mark Clark a newcomer to Highlands Ranch, Colo., but an old hand at sales and staffing success Red Robin Gourmet Burgers told about Celia Morden. She has been a server at the Red Robin Gourmet Burgers in Highlands Ranch, Colo. , for however six months, but the restaurant, she says, is vastly different from any other restaurant she has worked at in the past 12 years. The focus is not on what employees do wrong but on what they do right, she says, giving general manager Mark Clark the credit for the way the restaurant is run. This is the best management staff Ive ever worked for they really care about you, says Morden, while clearing a table during a recent lunch rush.Mark surrounds himself with good people. When everyone else was hiring more recruiters to deal with staffing shortages, we went in a totally different direction. Who within your organization is responsible for recruitment? The goal is to have a resounding response of Everyone It is not especial(prenominal) to hear the statement We wouldnt have this staffing problem if only Human Resources would advertise more, etc While HR is accountable for setting up systems to maximize recruitment, the disoriented opportunities of an organization relies on the HR department maintaining its staffing for all the organizations employees said Nicole Morin-Scribner in her paper Staffing The HR business partner model alternative.Maine in Focus human resources HR can run the biggest ad, but most healthcare workers typically pay the most attention to what employees from that organization say about what its like to work there. Study after study demonstrates that business success is dependent on the organizations people. HR has an ideal opportunity to habituate its expertise to help its organization succeed. Proper staffing has, is and will push to be a major concern for managers around the country.Pundits predict that the problem will continue for at least the next decade and maybe beyond if we dont do something in the present. You can hardly pick up a newspaper or trade magazine without finding at least one article on staffing.Worked Cite 1. HAIL, L. AND LEUZ, C. International Differences in Cost of neat Do Legal Institutions and Securiti es Regulation Matter? Working Paper (September 2003) 1-27. 2. HAMADA, R. S. The Effect of the Firms Capital Structure on the Systematic Risk of jet Stocks. The Journal of Finance (May 1972) 435-58. 3. HILTON, RONALD W. MICHAEL W. MAHER AND FRANK H. SELTO. Cost Management Strategies for Business Decisions. New York McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. , 2003. 4. PricewaterhouseCoopers Financial Management Benchmarking Program Best Practice Findings 5. Delery, J. E. , and Doty, D. H. (1996) Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management Tests of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal 39/4 802-835.

Civil Disobedience Definition

The extremely simplified definition of civil disobedience given by Websters Dictionary is nonviolent opposition to a law through refusal to comply with it, on grounds of conscience. Thoreau in Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther King in Letter from Birmingham Jail both argue that laws thought of as unjust in ones mind should not be adhered to. In Herman Melvilles Bartleby, a man named Bartleby is thought of by m each to be practicing civil disobedience. His actions ar nonviolent, and he refuses to comply with anything his boss says.But his behavior has nothing to do with morals. Bartleby is merely a lonely guy who does not wish to work and has nothing to do with civil disobedience. Thoreau says that if injustice is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then I say break the law (Jacobus 134). He is personally giving permission for an individual to ignore anything he or she finds morally unacceptable. However, in Bartleby, Bartlebys boss plac es no unjust laws and assigns no unjust work.He simply asks Bartleby to do easy tasks such as, when those papers are all copied, I will compare them with you, or, just step around the Post Office, wont you? And see if there is anything for me (Melville 116). The boss, who is in any case the narrator, never requests Bartleby to fulfill any difficult chores. Martin Luther King, Jr. s interpretation of an unjust law is, a code that a numerical or power majority assemblage compels a minority group to obey but does not behave binding on itself (Jacobus 159).The injustice described here by King also does not match the characterization of Bartlebys boss. Bartleby hires no civil disobedience since nothing could be considered unjust in the bosss management. raze if an unjust act were placed against Bartleby, he would not have had any cares about the injustice. He was a man who needed a place to snuff it and chose to be a law-copyist. He has no desire to do any work and no desire to in teract with other humans. Anytime an order was given, the same result would reply from Bartlebys mouth I would prefer not to (Melville).Bartleby did not weigh the issues of morality and immorality in his assignments. He just does not necessitate to deal with others. When asked to look over some work with Turkey and Nipping, he refuses. His boss offers him a home, and he refuses this as well. The ending footnote to Bartleby states that Bartlebys antecedent profession was a subordinate clerk in the Dead Letters Office in Washington. The bloodless letters he handled had no association to any living person. Bartleby was accustomed to working at a place where dealing with man is unnecessary.As Thoreau says, Dead letters Does it not sound like dead men? (Melville 140). Bartleby has no connection with civil disobedience. King and Thoreaus ideas of what civil disobedience is do not match up with the actions of Bartleby. Bartleby was not trying to make a statement against unjust laws by not abiding by them. He was just a loner. All his refusals to do what was ordered stemmed from his need to be separated from humanity. Bartleby only wanted to live by himself with nothing but his own thoughts to deal with.

Multistream Leadership at Work in Hawaii

Lei Lei is a small but frequent cake and grill in the north shore of Oahu Hawaii. Neubert and Buscher are the owners and autobuss which are examples of Multistream leaders. In this paper, I entrust study troubles that Lei Leis whitethorn face and ways in which they may be able apply leadership skills to perfect the issues that have arisen. For instance Neubert and Buscher have been offered several opportunities to expand their solicitude responsibilities to former(a) restaurants on the north shore of Oahu. An different idea discussed is can the management practices at Lei Leis be easily transferred to other existing restaurants or business.Expansion Opportunities Servant leadership is an active onslaught to leadership that promotes the interests of others. Neubert and Buscher help their employee to get under ones skin as persons. Their focus is let the employee learn by their own experience of the orientation the many ways to involve and do more complex tasks. Also Neubert and Buscher maintain a servant leadership approach by working extra hours as cooks or waiters to minimize the burnout of stuff that may have personal issues to manage or particularly heavy workload on any one day.In my opinion this expansion might influence their ability to be servant leaders. This expansion will take a lot of their time in the Lei Lei bar. It will need Neubert and Buschers attention and will demand their time. In that case opening anther bar will take their focus from being a role model and helping their employee to grow. More over I think the positive effect on the stakeholders will be less. Now Neubert and Buscher have personal concern to improve the situation for the members of the bar, and when their attention will be to get expansion opportunities it wont be totally for the members.What accommodate this bar so special and success is the owners approached based on their values and the afforded they put on creating a sense of belong to each new hires. This can be reached only by the management personal daily involve. For example at my work I can follow up a lot of difference in my approach to situation when my good manager ask me to do some task ,compare to when my bad manager asks me the said(prenominal) social occasion. My good manager make me want to do the task by positive influence on me like- more responsibly , while the bad manager make me doing this task by negative influence like threaten.For conclusion this issue, if the business will expand, Neubert and Buscher must find/hire new managers for the bar which will be able to replace them while they at other locations. Those managers need to keep the spirit of the Multistream leadership. It will be the best if the new managers will grow from inside which they know the best how to keep Neubert and Buscher approach. Management Practice Transfer The idea of the management practices at Lei Leis can be easily transferred to other existing restaurants or business is not that bad.It is p ossible to implant the basic approach (Multistream) which Neubert and Buscher use and improve other business. The first function Neubert and Buscher doing is Enabling which is sharing or explaining information related to a job and its context. They do it by giving all the new hires the same task at the beginning to do every social function that is needed for the business. This is how the new employee will learn the best about the new job. And also it shows there is no shortcut to nobody.The second thing Neubert and Buscher do is evolving them in the business by creating responsibility such including more complex and important tasks that will fit their specific talents and strengths. This is Equipping which involves creating an environment for ceaseless learning on the job. Neubert and Buscher keep employees happy and in good care, by treating them with proper respect, pay those wages and offer enough hours, so they not anticipate taking second jobs. This is Engaging which is the process of encouraging affiliation and enhancing the intrinsic meaningfulness of work.At the end all this bring the members to feel belonging and commitment to the bar, make the customers feel welcome and in good environment which lead to success and long term benefits to the business. My conclusion in this matter, that in order to transfer to other existing restaurant it is necessary to use all the mentioned above and if so it will be possible to make a change. The managers must be victimization the Multistream leadership approach to build the employees trust and appreciation. Lei Leis is a business that has great potential for growth and influences other business.The only thing that should be changed is to help the owners to have more time to expand. Any company that focuses their view of the human relations and the wellbeing of their employees will automatically build a good reputation. This will have a positive effect on the success and profits because the employees will work w ith more enthusiasm and apply themselves more to the job. References Bruno Dyck and Mitchell Neubert ,(2010) Houghton Mifflan/Cengage, Management Current Practices and New Directions

Reducing Gender Inequality In Hiv Health And Social Care Essay

Globally, there has been a alteration in the tendency of infection among the sexes. Initially at the oncoming of the disease, the prevalence of the disease was higher among the males than the females referable to the fact that the disease was concentrated among homophiles and drug users. However as the cuticular continues to turn there has been a progressive displacement to heterosexual transmittal with an admittance in the omen of females being infected.The planetary pandemic of HIV/ aid is now in its 3rd decennary, with magnanimous females now at the epicenter of the pandemic, globally accounting for close 50 % of all HIV instances aged 15 and elderlyer, including about 60 % of all grownups populating with HIV/ support in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the figure of females populating with the disease in every part of the universe continue to increase. ( UNAIDS, 2009 )The feminization of the pandemic is precipitated by biological and socio-ethnical factors However although grown f emales are more than penetrable to the disease because of their biological makeup, there is grounds that grammatical gender norms play an built-in depute in act uponing an person s impression to the infection, entree to wellness attention services, sexual behavior and attitude, every bit good as entree to intervention and support when infected. ( WHO, 2003 )The present tendency of the disease transmittal reveals that the dermal is being aggravated by gender based photographs, stressing the importance of mainstreaming gender into HIV/AIDS programmes as an built-in effort to commanding farther dispel of the disease. ( UNFPA, 2008 )The Importance of Gender on the HIV/AIDS PandemicIn most communities, gender determines how much training males and females are expected to hold virtually sexual personal matters. Females are supposed to be nescient about sexual affairs as a mark of celibacy therefore doing them nescient about preventative schemes and doing it hard for them to be proactive in negociating safer sex. Different set of cultural norms apply to the males, they are frequently expected to hold more information and cognition about sexual affairs, be expericienced, and led as determination shapers in sexual issues. These make them vulnerable to being infected, prevents them from seeking information or acknowledging their limited information about sexual affairs. ( Carovano, 1992 ) .Social norms of virginity for single bragging(a) females besides increase her exposure it besides limits her information about sexual affairs to avoid being thought of as being sexually active. Puting her at a hazard of colza and sexual coercion. Research has besides shown that these immature misss come other sexual behaviors such as anal sex, therefore increasing their hazard of undertaking the disease. ( Weiss et al.,2000 ) .Besides, because of the social norms of virginity accessing wellness installations for the intervention of sexually transmitted diseases is fre quently stigmatising for both immature and big females. ( Weiss et al.,2000 ) .In many societies, maternity, merely like virginity is seen as being ideal, therefore utilizing preventives or barrier methods to guarantee safer sex is seen as a crucial quandary for adult females. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) .Research have shown that economic dependance of adult females increases their likeliness of interchanging sex for money, with no dialogue for safe sex, accompanied with their inability to go forth these dealingss even when they perceive them to be hazardous because of its fiscal improvers. ( Heise and Elias,1995 ) .A reappraisal of literature done by Heise et Al ( 1999 ) showed it was more likely for persons who had been sexually abused to hold multiple sex spouses, engage in insecure sex and exchange sex for money or favor.Harmonizing to social norms, make tweets are supposed to show their male power through force against adult females, lending both straight and indirectly to a adult female s exposure to the disease. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) .A survey conducted in a voluntary HIV guidance and proving Centre in Tanzania by Maman et Al ( 2000 ) suggested that adult females who expericienced sexual force were at a hazard of HIV/AIDS. It was discover that those who were HIV positive were 2.6 times more likely to hold expericienced sexual force in an confidant relationship.Social norms expect a adult male to hold several sexual spouses, for sufficient sexual release, herewith beliing the preventative heart and soul that emphasizes fidelity in relationships. ( Heise and Elias, 1995 ) .Social norms of maleness, which affirm males holding sexual laterality over females, as a characteristic of manhood, frequently lead to stigmatisation of wee-wee forces who have sex with work forces, thereby taking to secrecy of their sexual behavior, increasing the exposure of their sexual spouses, both males and females. ( UNAIDS, 1999 ) .Overall, the influence of social no rms is frequently associated with addition in an person s exposure of undertaking the disease. ( Courteney, 1998 )Analysis of WHO s Policy on Gender Mainstreaming in HIV/AIDS ProgrammeThe guidelines on gender mainstreaming resulted from a WHO s meeting held in Geneva in 2002 on incorporating Gender into HIV/AIDS. The demand to bring forth guidelines was emphasized as a agency to guaranting realisation of set ends.The present edition was developed by World Health Organization in concurrence with inputs from advisers peer reviewed by external referees, relevant proficient staff in the World Health Organization every bit good as research experience from old programmes that addressed the gender dimensions in HIV/AIDS and other wellness programmes.The intent of the guidelines is to increase consciousness of how gender inequalities affects a adult female s ability to entree HIV/AIDS programmes and services, it besides offers practical ways on how to integrate gender into assorted types of HIV/AIDS programmes and services. Four particular proposition countries were covered HIV proving and reding, Prevention of female parent to child transmittal ( PMTCT ) , HIV intervention and Home based attention for people populating with HIV/AIDS.The guidelines were explicate chiefly for programmes directors, wellness attention suppliers in the public and private sector involved in instituting, implementing or measuring HIIV/AIDS programmes.The guidelines are consistent and strengthened through assorted international understandings and declarations such as Beijing declaration and curriculum for action of the 1995 Fourth World conference on adult females ( FWCW ) and 1994 multinational conference on population and development.The United Nations General Assembly declarations of the committedness on HIV/AIDS besides emphasized the importance of turn toing gender equality as a agency to commanding the epidermic.This policy compliments old attempts done on incorporating gender into HIV/AIDS programmes with the purpose of bettering entree, informing and authorising clients, and besides taking to wellness equity and societal justness.However the guidelines focused chiefly on adult females.it did non offer equal chances to work forces, although the Beijing platform for action besides considered work forces s concerns, guaranting that adult females and work forces benefit every bit from the ultimate end of accomplishing gender equality.The guidelines did non besides see the multi-sectoral coming it focused chiefly on the wellness sector attack to cut downing gender inequality.( Beginning World Health Organization s guidelines on intergrating gender into HIV/AIDS Programmes within the wellness sector, 2007 )Measuring the execution of this policy at the international and national degree.Following the 1995 United Nations conference on adult females, assorted developmental establishments, international organisations and states adopted the thought of gender mainstre aming. These International Organizations and development Institutions developed and endorsed gender mainstreaming Policies in HIV/AIDS except rating show restraints in execution, these policies have been slow in interpreting from policy into action. ( Moser, 2005 ) .This can be attributed to the fact that some development practicians in nongovernmental organization s continue to see gender issues as a distraction to the developmental issues they have to turn to, accordingly those involved in gender cyclosis are non in places to do determinations and alterations to these programmes.Since the Congress, gender mainstreaming in HIV/AIDS have been adopted and endorsed by assorted authoritiess, gender advocators in these states have successed in integrating gender issues into their national strategic programs for HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS programmes. The challenges in these states have been the execution of these policies and strategic programs at the territory degree.In a survey done in Bo tswana, it was observed that although gender had been incorporated into its national response to HIV/AIDS, with purposes to authorising the adult females, therefore cut downing the exposure of females in undertaking the disease, the intercessions focused on adult females, pretermiting the work forces, therefore gestating gender as a adult female s issue.In Malawi, important efforts have been made, assorted programmes have been formed, and the National HIV/AIDS policy recognized that gender issues had to be considered, to guarantee effectual response to HIV/AIDS intercessions. However on rating it was noticed that bulk of the staffs in the NGO s understood the construct in the European context, which was non applicable to their ain cultural norms and values, furthermore, the exposure of work forces was non considered sabotaging the proportion of drug users and homophiles in the population.The Zimbabwe s national Aids Policy, showed committedness to gender inequality, acknowledging th at adult females were more vulnerable, and prosecuting authorization of adult females as a agency to undertaking gender inequality, it besides developed schemes to guarantee the engagement of work forces in gender affairs. However rating showed that despite these schemes nidation of these policies at the grass-root degree have been impossible. ( Boom et al. , 2000 )The national strategic program of South-Africa accepted adult females, and work forces who have sex with work forces, as portion of those who were vulnerable to the disease, and provided assorted intercessions to turn to gender related causes of exposure.It emphasized the difference in the prevalence of the disease in the age groups ( 20-29 ) , saying that adult females were more vulnerable due to social norms. Acknowledging that really small attending had been given to work forces who have sex with work forces, and drug users. It emphasized that the execution of these schemes were to drive both the demands of adult fema les and work forces. Evaluation nevertheless noted that commercial sex workers were discriminated and that gender force played an built-in portion in adult females s exposure in South-Africa was non addressed therefore haltering the execution of these schemes.The Multi-sectoral HIV/AIDS strategic program of Switzerland recognized that harmful gender norms played a function in fuelling the cuticular, and that to guarantee long -term effects in schemes aimed at commanding the disease gender inequality had to be considered. This led to the National hand brake Response Council, developing schemes to steer the execution of these HIV/AIDS programmes.However it was noticed that gender was conceptualized as biological sex instead than gender, and its programmes were targeted at adult females, pretermiting work forces who had sex with work forces and other vulnerable groups such as drug users. On rating an addition in the incidence of mew infections was noticed among homophiles, showing tha t these groups played an of import function in commanding the disease.DiscussionAssorted International Organizations and Countries have integrated gender into their assorted policies, schemes and HIV/AIDS Programmes. The inquiry arising is why are these policies, schemes and plans non being implemented at the grass root degree?DecisionGender norms influence an person s exposure to undertaking the disease, therefore stressing the importance of Gender mainstreaming and adult females authorization in commanding the spread of the disease. Gender mainstreaming intercessions in assorted degree should acknowledge the functions work forces play in adult females s expericiences, therefore gender related restraints of both males and females should be considered in HIV/AIDS Programmes.Training and support should be offered to HIV/AIDS programme directors and their staffs about gender issues to enable them implement policies turn toing gender inequality and HIV/AIDS.

Arguments in Favour of Single-Sex Schools

The subject on undivided end upual practice schools has skeletal broad and different sentiments in the semipublic sphere for a long clip. Persons, groups, establishments and governments have so far presented different ideas sing the subject. By definition, the phrase, undivided sex school means a signifier of a school where by potent childs and misss fancy different schools. To be precise, exclusive schools implies, misss go toing a school that is specifically for misss while antheral childs go toing a schools that is specifically for male childs. Therefore, individual school unlike the conventional or instead handed-down schools ( assorted schools ) is an political orientation that even though has been in existed for a long clip, just about pile in the community feels it is a skinnyly thought that need to be embraced. Meanwhile, in that location atomic number 18 some people excessively who feel that misss and male childs should larn together in the same school as it provide as babet them develop together as wiz. Regardless of the many ideas that have been presented opposing the position, individual sex schools when implemented, they argon sound for instruction.One of the grounds why individual sex schools are sizable for instruction is that they create a cutaneous senses of safety, encourages pupils to encompass their life style every turn good as detering any signifier of distraction in the class of prosecuting their dreams through instruction. There are a figure of pupils whose instruction has been affected due deficiency of concentration in fellowship. This is because some pupils find it so difficult to concentrate when they are in a conventional category. This is a job that is really putting surface with male childs as opposed to misss. Boys endure to lose focal point in a category of assorted gender because they leave be seeking to move different in order to rip their womanish category couples. Worse still, it is truly diffic ult for male childs to concentrate on larning while at that place are a watercourse of cunning ladies to look up to in the same category. However, it is of import to hold on alike that, this job does non impact all male childs but so the per centum of male childs who get deflect from larning because of beautiful misss in category is higher as opposed to the per centum that does non acquire affected ( The many an(prenominal) Advantages of Single-Sex Schools, n.p ) . Meanwhile, in that respect are a figure of misss who get affected excessively when in a conventional school. This arises on affairs refering safety. Psychologically, immature misss fear being touched physiologicly. This creates fear among them and as such they are non in a place of set abouting their surveies in a normal manner. On the other manus, female pupils will experience free and safe if they are enrolled in a female school where by they are meeting fellow misss. This creates assurance and therefore s encour agements their academic public launching, a clear index finger that same sex schools are good for instruction. On top of that, it is besides detailual that both male childs and misss develop different in the procedure of turning up. This is apparent given the fact that, misss develop speedy every bit compared to boys. Furthermore, the believing capacity of ladies grows exponential faster as opposed to that of male childs. This indicates that the demands of misss are to some extent different from that of male childs. Therefore, there is demand to promote individual sex schools that will assist misss and male childs understand the demands of their bodies good which finally can be translated to good public presentation ( Single-Gender Classes, n.p ) .Harmonizing to Gilbert ( par. 5 and 6 ) , the instruction governance has been stormed by females as opposed to males. Gilbert presents his purpose that, the figure of female decision makers in most schools is higher as compared to ma les in many schools. He besides states that, the figure of female teachers in assorted schools is higher than those of male instructors. Gilbert besides observes that, female pupils have the ability to detect their emotions good as opposed to pupils. On top of that misss are besides known to be better readers as opposed to male childs. Worse still, the current instruction system tend to stress more on cooperation. This leaves male childs stranded in their surveies, because they opt more physical actions and competition. In fact, Gilbert asserts that, this type of system favours misss who excel while the public presentation of male childs aliment on deteriorating. In his decision, Gilbert therefore argues that, assorted schools merely favours misss as opposed to male childs. In his justification, he asserts that, coeducational schools affects male childs in that they lose attending in science, every bit good as stoping up enduring from developmental upsets. Therefore, Gilbert sugg ests that, the best manner to advance equality in instruction for both male childs and misss is to follow scorch sex schools given that coeducational schools tend to prefer misss as opposed to male childs.Another position as to why individual sex schools are good for instruction as opposed to coeducational schools is from the point of instructors. Given that the behaviour and demands of both male childs and misss are different, teachers public presentation is besides affected in the procedure of bringing in category. This sis because, there is no uniformity in footings of nearing different issues in the same category. As such, a instructor must handle a boy different every bit good as a miss in a alone manner excessively. This affects teachers preciseness. However, encompassing scorch sex schools, instructors will be able to associate their instructions methodological analysis to the behaviour of their pupils and therefore good for instruction ( The Many Advantages of Single-Sex Sch ools, n.p ) . Meanwhile, an environment plays a great function in pupil public presentation. A favourable acquisition environment contributes to high public presentation of pupils as opposed to an unfavourable environment. A relaxed environment is good for a acquisition set up as opposed to a helter-skelter environment. This works for both male childs and misss. However, one thing that need to be clear is that in coeducational schools, male childs and misss filter out every bit much as possible to affect one another. In so making they feel fixed in that they are supposed to move in a mode that attracts one another. In the procedure, a miss or a male child may fear ask a inquiry because she/he may believe it will non affect their reverse sex opposite numbers. This affects the pupils in showing themselves openly and if continues for a long clip, it becomes a wont that can non and will neer be erased. Actually it becomes portion of their life and accompanies them in the remainder o f their unrecorded. In comparing to individual sex schools, pupils have cipher to affect and as such, they fear less in inquiring inquiries, that is an of import parting in larning. Furthermore, the ability to prosecute with others without experiencing intimidated by the gender of the opposite sex flicker arguments and converse that enhances instruction in a positive mode ( Kennedy, n.p ) .Indeed, instruction is one of import gift to both male childs and misss. It is through instruction that male childs and misss can be able to accomplish their assorted dreams in life. Therefore, there is demand to accommodate a theoretical account that works for both of them. Over clip, there has been a argument as to whether individual sex schools improve pupil public presentation. This argument has drawn a batch of positions from the pupils themselves, parents/guardians, instructors, human support groups every bit good as the legal authorization. hitherto though there are opposing positions re fering the encouragement of individual sex schools on the premiss that they tend to divide misss and male childs doing them fear one another and therefore taking to isolation every bit good as lending to high degree of divorce in the long tally, individual sex schools are good for instruction for assorted ground. One of them is that they encourage a feeling of safety, promotes a feeling of safety every bit good as avoiding any signifier of distractions. Another ground is the fact that boys and misss develop otherwise every bit good the undeniable truth that schools are stormed by females as opposed to males, which makes male childs uncomfortable. On top of that, instructors are besides more productive in individual sex schools as opposed to coeducational schools due to uniformity. Furthermore, individual sex schools enables pupils to prosecute in arguments and intercourse without any signifier of gender based bullying.Plants CitedGilbert, Michael. Single-sex Schools Help Children Thrive. The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. Web. 4 May 2015.Kennedy, Robert. What Are the Advantages of Single Sex raising? Web. 4 May 2015. Single-Gender Classs Are They Better? Education World. Web. 4 May 2015. The Many Advantages of Single-Sex Schools. CRC Health Group. Web. 4 May 2015.

AGRANA †From a local supplier to a global player Essay

The home market from the European Union is superstar market which everyone has free movement with goods, services, capital and people. This was not always the way if we look back out front the time of the EU we had a Europe which was over make full with conflicts and wars. Because of the foundation of the EU we got a freshet of opportunities in the westward Europe and in underlying and Eastern Europe but as well challenges because its not well-to-do to bring so many dissimilar countries to dispirither with different rules, cultures, norms and ethics under one uncollectible Union.western sandwich EuropeThe Western Europe refers to the countries in the west of Europe, where the distinction is different depending on the scope. only when the borders amid Western Europe and CEE were once determined by the ratio of power between the States and UDSSR during the Cold War. Europe was then divided in half by the Iron Curtain. Opportunities hotshot walloping opportunity for Western Europe is that the firms arse get cheap military man capital for their own control. even out today a blue-collar worker in Germany earns a quite a little much than in Poland. an other(a)(a)(prenominal) point is that the firms can invest in other assentprises from the CEE. So they can grow extremely nimble as we have seen this with the AGRANA Company. With the difference in culture between Western Europe and CEE the firms can enter in a impertinent market which can be really profitable. ChallengesBut the fact, that the firms can get so cheap human resources, is on the other hand withal a problem. Because of the cheap human resources, the own home farming workers testament lose their job and the unemployment rate of the country will rise. another(prenominal) challenges is, that firms from the CEE area can expand to the Western Europe area, so on that point is the danger, that it will get cast aside prices. The other culture and norms makes the whole situation a lot har der. The firms have to consider a lot of different aspects. When they dont do that the bare-assed branches cannot rise and flourish in the CEE countries. These are a a few(prenominal) challenges for the Western part of Europe and it is not easy to solve these problems. Central and Eastern EuropeThe Central and Eastern Europe countries include all the Eastern bloc countries west of the Iron Curtain, which was collapsed in 1989-90. withal included are the three Baltic States Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. OpportunitiesFor the CEE states the integration of EU markets brought with it many opportunities to grow economically and politically. One of the big opportunities is that the CEE countries can benefit from the higher level of living from the Western Europe countries. Everybody can work easier and live in another country. So if you want to leave your home country and settle belt down somewhere else that is no longer a problem. We still see this phenomenon to this very day in the Western European countries. More and more(prenominal) people are coming to live in the country than emigrate. The firms which can make backup in the CEE countries are creating new workplaces and paying taxes on the profit. So the whole country and the government have the chance to raise their level of living. ChallengesOf course there are on the other side also challenges for the CEE countries. One of them is that the countries have to pay attention to their own experts in the country. A lot of firms in the Western part of Europe want to win the elite of the country over. This can be very dangerous for the own economy. The second aspect is that because of the orbicularization the poverty gap is getting large and bigger every day. The CEE countries have to be very careful that they dont lose the vex to the industry states.Question 2 From a resource-based view, what is behind AGRANAs impressive yield?AGRANA was founded in 1988 as a holding fellowship for the Austrian sugar and Starch industry. Operations started with 3 sugar plants, a potato stiffen plant and a corn starch plant. Nowadays, AGRANA is one of the take suppliers to the multinational brands somewhat the world with revenues of US $ 2.6 billion and capitalization of $1.4 billion. In the last two decades, it has become a global player with 52 production plants in 26 countries with three strategic pillars sugar, starch and fruit. The resource-based view focuses on a firms internal resources and capabilities, for casing rare knowledge in the refining and bear on of agricultural raw materials like AGRANA. These proper(postnominal) knowledge is a big advantage for the AGRANA play along and not easy to copy by other competitors. After the reorganization of the European sugar market by the European Union, AGRANA was motivated to look for new directions to ensure future growth of the enterprise.AGRANA decided to diversify into the fruit- kneading do master(prenominal) in the future. This was a really well-chosen decision, because AGRANA was able to transmit their core competence of the refinement process comparatively easy to the fruit area. With the existing knowledge AGRANA foc utilize on fruit preparations and the manufacturing of fruit juice con centimerates to sell them globally to fruit juice and drinking bottlers and fillers. An analysis of the dates of the Tables 4.1a and c (AGRANA plant locations) shows, that the fruit sector is mostly responsible for the impressive growth of the AGRANA Company in the last years. In only intravenous feeding years (from 2002/3 to 2006/7) AGRANAs plant locations increased from totally 20 plant locations (15 Sugar, 5 Starch, 0 Fruit) to 53 (10 Sugar, 4 Starch, 39 Fruit). It is noticeable that during these four years the reduction of the number of sugar and starch plants was completely compensated by the new fruit plant locations.Moreover, AGRANA expanded during the growth period crossways the world. Especially with the fruit se ctor AGRANA practiced plants in countries like Argentina, Brazil, China and regular army for example. The key to the impressive growth of AGRANA and particular the fruit sector were firstly learnednesss and secondly the ability to commix those acquired into the group to realize synergistic effects . It started with the acquisitions of Denmarks Vallo Saft (presence in Denmark and Poland) and Austrias Steirerobst (presence in Austria, Hungary, Poland Romania, Ukraine and Russia) in 2003. Furthermore, this was followed by acquisitions of France Atys Group (largest acquisition, 20 plants across every continent), Belgiums Dirafrost and Germanys Wink Group. AGRANAs most fresh enlargement was a 50-50 joint venture with Xianyang Andre Juice Co. Ltd. in China.The chosen consistent acquisitions policy of AGRANAs CEO Johann Marihart was only possible because of existing relationships and a huge amount of capital. AGRANA benefited from existing relationships to the solid nutrient and beve rage industry from the sugar and starch sector, whereby the diversification into a new sector was a bit more straightforward. With the existing relationships it was easier to find on the one hand acceptors for the new AGRANA products and on the other hand new business partners in the area of distribution for example. Furthermore, Johann Marihart believes that growth is an essential requirement for the manufacturing of high-grade products at free-enterprise(a) prices. For this very reason, AGRANA is prospecting for new growth opportunities in the future. Hence, AGRANA has started to diversify into the biofuel sector to ensure future growth and expansion of the company.Question 3 From an international perspective what challenges do you foresee AGRANA facing as it reach outs its expansion into other regions such(prenominal) as Asia?The impressive growth of the AGRANA Company is connected with an expanding scheme in Europe as well as in other continents like America and Asia. With th is scheme AGRANA discovers new regional, cultural and wrangle challenges for instance. AGRANDA already have a lot of experience in Asia because in 2006 they acquired a 50 % lay on the inventory in concentrates manufacturer Xianyang Andre Juice Co. Ltd the company is located in the province Shaanxi China and also in 2008 AGRANA started a second joint venture for apple juice concentrate in Yongji China. But perchance they capability have the problem of adapting to a different business culture. The business model that AGRANA use in Europe and the western world might not work as well in Asia. AGRANA will have to be flexible and adapt to the business characteristics of that certain country that they expand too. more Asiatic countries have certain business characteristics that are deeply related to the countries tradition and these traditions will not in most cases be changed. Because of this many of AGRANAs business standards such as work ethics and vigilance styles may not match up well with Asian culture. In Asia a lot of administrative tasks that have been made easy in the west can be very time consuming. Many procedures that would be handled electronically in the West need a lot of paperwork which need to be filled out and stamped by hand. Cultural misunderstanding from miscommunication could be one of the biggest challenges that AGRANA will have to organisation. It might be very hard to make a business deal in Asia because of communication problems as there are a lot of English speakers in Asia but not many of them would have a strong enough understanding of both Chinese and western culture to help in business negotiation situation.Also Many Asian countries have high context cultures and AGRANDA would be more used to operating in low context cultures like in most of Europe. In high context cultures communication relies upon unspoken conditions or assumptions. This nitty-gritty that yes does not necessarily mean yes and this could be a study challeng e for AGRANDA as they would not be used to this. Also another challenge that AGRANA might face would be that their products might not be as popular in these regions and because of this it might not be as profitable for the company to open a branch in Asia. Some of the infrastructure might not be very good in some eastern Asian countries so things like transportation of their products might not be delivered very safe or as efficient as in their European branches.Also because of climate and pollution it might cost more money to donjon the products fresh. ARGANDA might have trouble with human resources because in the western world employees give a lot of responsibility and would have more flexible lines of authority whereas most of the Asian workers are more accustoms to a hierarchical structure in which each worker has their own role. both in all AGRANDA cannot fix success in another region but if they tour sensitive to the areas culture and local traditions for instance they can at least avoid some basic mistakes.Question 4 Compare the growth strategy of AGRANA to that of Danisco, one of its competitors in the sugar market. Which strategy do you expect to be more sustainable in the long run?To sum up the second question, AGRANAs impressive growth strategy is affected by acquisition associated with the diversification into the fruit sector. AGRANA acquired competitors particularly in Europe and expanded nearly the World and led them to be one of the biggest players.The Danisco Company is a danish pastry bio-based company with activities in food production, enzymes and other bioproducts as well as a wide variety of pharmaceutical grade excipients. Danisco occupied 6800 people in 17 countries and is one of the worlds leading producers of ingredients for food and other consumer products and was also one of the biggest sugar producers in Europe until the divestment of its sugar component to Nordzucker in 2009. However, to look at the things in the right seque ncesDanisco had been created in 1989 by a merger of three companies aiming to create a strong Danish company that could compete in the EU common market after its completion The new company reinforced the foods, food ingredients and packaging businesses, particularly in the sugar sector, Danisco first consolidated its dominant touch and Denmark, and then grew by acquisitions. But after the reorganization of the European sugar market and also because of the ecstasy of competition in the sugar market, Danisco was motivated to alter and started a longtime shifting process. In 1997, the new CEO Alf Duch-Pedersen of Danisco started focusing on becoming a global food ingredients company.During the following years, Danisco started to acquire lots of ingredient and similar companies to initiate the transformation. The first step to become a global food ingredients company was to acquire the Finnish ingredient company Cultor in 1999 and at the same time the divestment of the De Danske Spri tfabrikker Company (spirits and liqueurs) and mark foods and food packaging.In June 2004, Danisco acquired the Rhodia Food Ingredients Company which becomes Daniscos dairy cultures division. The division is one of the two leading producers of dairy cultures and food safety products. Rhodia is located in France and is an international operating company with a global presence in Asia Pacific, Latin America and North America for instance. This will be followed by the acquisition of Genencor International in 2005, which became Daniscos enzymes and bio-chemicals division. Furthermore, Danisco invested in new research establishments in Shanghai, China for example. In contrast to AGRANA, Danisco divested as well, for example the flavor division to Firmenich. But the most important decision was the divestment of Daniscos sugar division to the German Nordzucker AG.With the divestment of the sugar division, which was one of its main divisions in the past, the transformation process was comp leted. During the transformation process the internationalization of sales of the company increased rapidly. It is mentioned that the sales outside of Denmark rose from 69 per cent 1995 to 88 per cent in 2004 and over 95 per cent after the sale of the sugar division. In addition, it is impressive to see that the turnover of Danisco was 1.7 million in 2009 and that the turnover consisted mostly of all the continents, that means that Daniso has become a global player operating all over the world. After the transformation, Danisco was positioned as a specialized supplier of food ingredients based natural raw materials. Its customers included global food giants such as Unilever, Kraft, DANONE and Nestl, as well as regional and local players in all major economies. In a final step, Danisco were acquired by the DuPont Company in 2011.Daniscos attractive industrial enzymes and specialty food ingredients businesses have clear synergies with the DuPont Applied BioSciences and Nutrition and Health businesses. This merger advances both companies global efforts to provide sustainable solutions and to ensure future growth and expansion of the company. Summing up one can say that AGRANA grew by getting a lot around the world and by diversifying their business. Danisco grew by internationalizing their sales, transforming their business to the leading producers of ingredients for food and interchange their previous businesses in order to focus on the new ones. The most important difference between these two growth strategies is that AGRANA valued to ensure future growth by diversifying into other products with their existing knowledge. Danisco wanted to guarantee future growth by transforming themselves into a leader in a niche market.To solution the last question we want to define Sustainability in the long run. Sustainability or sustainable strategy at its most basic level suggests that a company will improve its chances of survival in the future by ensuring that resou rces used by the business are responsibly managed and maintained. Moreover, in business, it is the ability of a company to develop and implement winning strategies that lead to long-term success and the ability to decide when to stay on course with the proven strategies or when it is time for change.We expect the AGRANAs strategy to be more sustainable in the long run thanks to their diversified sources of income such as their three main pillars starch, sugar and fruit. AGRANA has more sectors to play on so AGRANA is not as dependent of a specific product sector like Danisco if business does not go as planned. The opportunities of growth are also bigger, because AGRANA has more capital and AGRANA has more companies to sell their AGRANA products to in the future because AGRANA is present worldwide and especially in emerging markets. In addition, AGRANA is part of a safe market, AGRANAs three pillars are always in demand also due to the fact that the earth population will grow. Moreov er, AGRANA could enlarge their product line by diversifying to another sector with their existing knowledge as well as the fruit sector. All in all, AGRANA has a very good sustainable business strategy and we think that AGRANA will continue to be very successful in the future.Resourceshttp//www.danisco.com/about-dupont/duponttm-daniscor/history/ http//www.agrana.com/en/agrana-group/about-agrana/history-of-agrana/ http//www.us-pacific-rim.net/the-five-biggest-challenges-for-businesses-in-china.html http//www.mapconsulting.com/articles1-177/BusinessSustainabilityTheStrategiestoAchievetheLeadershiptha- tMakesItHappenhttp//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-long-term-sustainability.htm http//www.rhodia.com/en/about_us/worldwide_presence/index.tcm http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgranaHistory

Contemporary Politics and Economics in Mexico Essay

Over the course of Mexican history, the governmental and economical state of Mexico has been largely unstable. The nation was mark by dictatorial open frames in caller-list (and their candidates) and their constant bickering with all(prenominal) other the deformed presidency, the elite and the political group controlled the economic fervor with constant insurgencies from the cut classes the shift of the informal traditional comparatively closed securities industry system of rules to an international open trading system as a form of globalization and finally, the drastic environmental events, like the 1985 earthquake which had shaken up the nation.In the following paper, there is an attempt to elucidate the static forces that govern the Mexican politics and economic science from 1980s to the contemporary times. Mexican politics was largely determined by the evolution of the ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), their gradual shifts or custody in power fro m a hegemonic- (1929 to 1979), bipartisan- (1979 to 1985) and finally, the pluripartisan stage (1988-2000).The bipartisan stage marked the initial infiltration of the opposing party Partido Accion Nacional (PAN) and the strong comptetion between the PRI, PAN and the PRD (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica during the pluripartic years. PRI had a hold on presidential seat for 71 years until it was put to a stop in the 2000 elections. The presidential monarchy from 1970 to 1982 coincided with a period of shared development in political organization with the emergence of the bourgeoisie in governmental positions and puts an end to the sustained economy that Mexico originally enjoyed under the Echeverria .To combat the economic crisis and peso devaluation, the put up attempted to intervene with the entrepreneurial activities, therefrom sparking state-Entrepeneur dissent the private businesses erected Entrepreneurial Coordinating Council (ECC) institutions as a protective mechanism. Portillo delivered his counterattack by nationalizing bank systems and increasing the interest aims. Mexico experienced general economic morass inflation, external inequity, currency devaluation, peso flight, mounting unemployment and low purchasing power in 1976, 1982, 1987 e. g. 59 % inflation and 1994-95 with essence periods of mild economic recuperation.The September 19 1985 earthquake, which killed approximately 6,500 to 30,000 individuals, aggravated the economic crisis. The 80s were dominated by neoliberal (semi-democratized state implementing free election rule) over the freemarket system, as a result of mounting external debts and the working capital Consensus. The freemarket system/informal market system originally dominated by local street market vendor types, became an open humdrum to international financial organizations like the World Bank to negotiate for the debts.The disk operating system Restructuring generally involved administration modernization, opennes s of the national market/participation with free trade with the demesne neighbors (e. g. 1986 General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs), privatization of public enterprises, and introduction of radical social and political reforms to the relatively traditional State. The Restructuring debilitated the State with most of the reforms resulting to dispersed control in politics, loss of ethics in politicians and political institutions, and mounting economic problems.The Neoliberal State, 1982-2000, demonstrated a stunningly low GIP per head of 0. 3 %. With income distribution becoming more unequal. The year 1994 marked the participation of State to the North American at large(p) Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Inequality in income and devaluation of the market price coupled with the global inflation of prices created insurgencies from the lower classes and the emergence of anti-political groups like the Zapatista Army of National Liberation from the State of Chiapaz.The peso devaluation, increa sed exchange rate volatility and meltdown of stocks will persist up to the current state of economic affairs. This was naturally provide by distrust of external investors to the weak form of governance. Federal Electoral Institute, mediated by unremarkable citizens was erected in the early 90s to ensure that elections are clean compared to PRI unfair appointing of offices in the past. Quesada won the 2000 election imputable to the insurgency and popular voting but have few votes from the Congress.It was the former President Zedillo who officiated the electoral results thus stunting the chance of PRI to question the results. The administration of Fox signed up with the Security and Prosperity league of North America with the hope of modernizing the reforms and the pre-existing labor laws, opening investments in the energy sector, and improving the infrastructure. The 1994 NAFTA covenant beneficial effects were apparently not agreed upon by participants.Whereas the US reiterates t hat there is speeding up of the economic activity of the free market system of Mexico as indicated by the thrillion dollar class, the quick economic growth did not improved the standards of living of the lower and middle class. Calderon, the current president of the Mexico and also a PAN member, experienced many oppositions from the PRD the attacks were on post-electoral and on Banobras-borrowing.Calderon attempted to reduce the economic crisis of the country by producing reforms like Tortilla Price Stabilization Pact, salary caps, security policy and first employment program. The current presidents waged an diligent advocacy against drugs. The contemporary politics and economic changes in Mexico are centered on neo-liberalism with opening of the State to globalized free trade. The drastic results of the State restructuring persisted up to now and the reforms enacted by the current government will hopefully resolved the problems.

Online Instruction In A Continuing Professional Education Setting Education Essay

IntroductionThe article I chose to supply a outline for is entitled, The New, Modern Practice of Adult Education On-line affirmation in a Continuing Professional Education Setting by Brian W. Donavant of the University of Tennessee at Martin. The intent of his glance was to analyze the effectivity of on-line precept compared to traditional bringing attacks. His mess involved quantitative inquiry methods through the usage of pre and posttests in some(prenominal) the online and t individuallyer led classs all(prenominal) bit good as an unfastened ended questionnaire to assist attend if the potency for conquest of on-line direction is related to demographic variables of the pupils. This multi-phased field was conducted in a non-academic scene utilizing police officers go oning their cultivation. The about 200 participants were from the Florida Regional fellowship Policing Institute and varied in age, gender, ethnicity, educational background, and old ages on the occupatio n.Research QuestionThe general inquiry of this stick to was to ferret out if thither were statistically important differences in successful acquisition by the participants who learned via online acquisition in comparing to teacher wind instrument preparation. Additionally, the survey set out step the potency of online larning success by constabulary officers and if this possible online larning success was related to assorted new(prenominal) factors such as race, gender, age, and educational experience. The survey besides measured the officers attitudes and perceptual experiences sing the usage of online larning for professional schooling. ( Donavant, 2009 )While the writer acquiesces to the impression that the apposition of online acquisition to instructor lead acquisition in authoritative academe has been done legion times, there is small to no important interrogation done measuring this in the sphere of professional development and go oning instruction. The deficiency of i mportant research from this position is what motivated the research worker to prosecute this way.MethodsThe eldest stop of this three story survey was an scrutiny of pre and post-test professional development tonss utilize to determine if larning authentically occurred and if there was a difference in effectivity between on-line bringings versus teacher lead direction. The pre and post-tests used anon. multiple-choice and true-false inquiries. The research worker had no look into over the arrangement of the participants into control or experimental groups of people. Additionally, the research worker did non hold control over the externalize of participants in each group or the continuance and quality of the direction. ( Donavant, 2009 )The 2nd stage of the survey examined the potency for online acquisition success correlated to gender, race, age of the student, figure of old ages of constabulary service, figure of old ages of formal instruction, and old characterization to online acquisition. This rating leveraged Kerr s Test of Online Learning Success ( TOOLS ) ( Marcel S. Kerr, 2012 ) which is a 45 header self-report assessment that attempts to determine behavioural strengths and failings to mensurate possible online larning success. Participants rated each of these 45 points on a 5 point Likert-type of graduated table runing from 1 ( strongly disagree ) to 5 ( strongly agree ) . ( Donavant, 2009 )Finally, the 3rd stage of this survey involved an open-ended questionnaire to turn to considerations of on-line bringing methods that were identified through depth psychology of the topical literature that the writer deemed as relevant beginnings. The research worker s purpose was to find other lending factors that were important to the larning experience such as willingness to take on part in on-line acquisition, scholar s perceptual experiences of the user of online acquisition in the sphere of professional development, and the practicality of its us age as a bringing mechanism.For the 2nd and 3rd stages of this survey, one constabulary bureau within each of the six geographical parts of the United States was indiscriminately selected and each bureau had anon. voluntaries to take part it the survey. The 2nd stage had a sum of 188 officers participate while the 3rd stage had a sum of 150 constabularies officers participate. Of the 188 officers that participated in the 2nd stage the bulk were white males ( 87.8 % and 85.6 % severally ) with a median(a) age of 36.9 and a average figure of old ages on the force of 10.75. 75.3 % of the participants had non participated in any on-line instruction prior to this survey and the bulk listed their gunpoint of instruction attainment as some college 52 % . ( Donavant, 2009 )The stage one survey that used the historical pre and post-test consequences used a t-test to find the implication of the pre and post-test consequences comparing on-line instruction to flight simulator led experien ces. The stage two survey besides conducted a t-test to find if there was a detail of significance between those who completed on-line instruction and those that did non complete on-line instruction. Bipartisan eventuality summary was conducted to assist find if there was a relationship with possible success in on-line instruction and independent variables such as race, gender, and prior exposure to online instruction. The research worker so used Pearson Correlations to find important relationships between online larning success and independent variables such as age, figure of old ages of service and degree of educational attainment. ( Donavant, 2009 )ConsequencesThe stage one post-test tonss ( Teacher Lead M=82.91, SD = 18.43 Online M=73.38, SD=21.72 ) were significantly higher than pre-test tonss for both instructor led and on-line lead instruction ( Teacher Lead M=43.27, SD=17.96 Online M=47.44, SD=16.74 ) . The ANCOVA analysis revealed no statistically important difference i n the effectivity between both trainer lead and on-line bringing ( 1, 40 ) = 2.99, P = .09. ( Donavant, 2009 )The stage two survey rendered similar consequences of deficiency of significance between online larning success and gender, race, and old engagement in on-line instruction ( I2 ( 1, N =178 ) = 0.12, P = .72 race, I2 ( 5, N = 184 ) = 7.97, P = .16 or old engagement in OE, I2 ( 1, N = 188 ) = 3.07, P = .08. ) Where the research worker did happen some degree of significance was the correlativity between possible online larning success and the officers educational degree they achieved, R ( 185 ) = .23, P = .001.The consequences of the 3rd stage of the research indicated that a bulk of the pupils wish the convenience of the on-line instruction ( 92, 68.7 % ) but bulk besides indicated that what they liked least about the on-line educational experience ( 63, 52.9 % ) was the deficiency of interaction with the teacher as their primitive ground for non wishing the on-line educa tional experience. ( Donavant, 2009 )DecisionThe research worker surmised that while the effectivity of on-line instruction versus teacher lead preparation are both deemed significantly effectual, the potency of on-line instruction creation effectual is significantly correlated to the pupil s anterior experience with on-line instruction every bit good as their degree of instruction. The research worker besides went on to sum up that by and large talking, there is no important benefit of online acquisition in comparing to teacher lead preparation when looking at it from the position of race, gender, old ages on the force or age. So, for an governance sing teacher lead preparation in comparing to online instruction, they should see the person scholar and take into consideration their degree of instruction along with old experience with on-line instruction. If an organisation has a figure of pupils who do non hold a batch of post-secondary instruction, they may happen better conseque nces with teacher lead preparation.

Religious and Ethnic Groups

Islam phantasmal groups differ from other religious groups in distinct ways. Islam is the belief that the purpose of their existence is to love and serve god. They believe that Jesus, Abraham and Moses argon prophets and that is what makes them wreck with other beliefs. There god is wholeah and they believe that they should pray only five times a sidereal day at certain times. Islam and Christianity have non had very good experiences. Muslim followers do not get along with Christian followers because of beliefs. Muslims believe that Jesus was only a prophet plainly Christians believe that he is the son of god and worship him as god not as a prophet.These beliefs have led to many problems in the Middle East where Muslims prosecute Christians because they argon Christian and do not sh be the same beliefs. Islam has contributed to the Ameri bed culture by showing everyone that it is okay to be different and to believe in different things. Everyone knows that Muslims were responsi ble for the 9/11 event. I think ever since so Muslims have been looked at in a different way and have been discriminated because of this event. 9/11 was a very tragic event and it caused a stage set of pain and suffering for America.I understand how that squeeze out leave Muslims to be treated differently and discriminated against but regardless not every Muslim mortal is bad and deserves to be treated differently because of this event. No one should have to pay for someone elses mistakes. Also the Boston marathon bombing was another event that Muslim was involved. Not necessarily a Muslim from the Middle East but still a Muslim follower. People associate them with military unit and bombing and that they hate America, but not everyone that f totallys within that group is a bad person and follows this route.Being able to learn more about Islam groups helped me understand more about their raft and culture. I understand their beliefs and why they choose to do the things they do. The racial/ethnic group I chose was African Americans. These ar the great unwashed that are of African descent. They differ from others because their ancestors were slaves and they were discriminated against for a very long time because of their skin color. African Americans had to fight for their freedom and break away from slavery. They were treated badly and discriminated against to the point where people became prejudice against them.African Americans have many contributions to the American culture. They have taught us that no matter your skin color we all deserve to be treated the same. They have provided us with great talent such as mutation talent , musical talent , leadership etc. some of the greatest people in news report were African American such as martin Luther king Jr. , Michael Jordan, Rosa parks, president Obama and the list can go on forever. All of these great icons each contributed something to our society and made it what it is today.The prejudice and discrim ination was a part of African Americans lives. They were slaves for many years and treated so horribly by slave owners and people in general. Their ancestors suffered on a daily basis and were treated as if they were not humans and do not deserve to live. Thankfully that has past but I still do believe that because of those events people still to this day dont always accept African Americans. Some people are still prejudice against them typically find these people in the south which is where the slavery mainly took place.All that I have learned about this group has helped me to understand them and appreciate them even more. A lot of my close friends are African Americans and to know that I am friends with such great people is an honor. I would never treat anyone differently because they dont look like me no matter the sight everyone should be equal. The prejudice and discrimination that both Islam and African Americans experienced is somewhat similar. I believe that they are both d iscriminated against because of the idea and stereotypes that society has created for their groups.These two groups also are discriminated against because of the way they look and their skin tone. They are different because Muslims are discriminated against because of certain actions that other group members have decided to take part in. African Americans were discriminated against because their ancestors where slaves and they had no control over that because thats how it was in the past. Discrimination from what I can see is loosely about skin color and differences in cultures and in origins. These groups are perfect examples of this.